Coal :: Energy Resources Fossil Fuels Essays

Coal In the world today, Coal is one of the most used Fossil Fuels in America. The mordant gold, which I like to call it, affects America in so many different ways. Have no worries coal is no where from becoming extinct or replaced. Coal will be popular big time, in 2005, says Jim Thompson, who edits the weekly report U.S. Coal Review out of Knoxville, Tenn. There will be more(prenominal) test bums than ever. In Wyoming alone they shipped out over four hundred million tons. I enduret even imagine how large that total is. Coal is so useful and America depends on coal greatly (Gransbery). Coal is utilized for combustion, which benefits the Residential areas and Power Plants. The coal used for that is known as Bituminous coal. That fucking be found in the Appalachian Mountains and even almost central states. This type of coal is used due to its high heat energy value and high sulfur content Coal is also capable of being converted into gaseous or liquid f uel. Before any of this can happen, we need to find the mother load of the coal. Another word for that is the reserves. The major reserves in America for coal are found in the blue Great Planes, Texas and Gulf of Mexico. Fossil Fuels are known for making a mess and causing a lot of environmental problems. They can create some serious pollution to the environment. One of the worse air pollution episodes occurred in 1948. In Donora, Pa twenty were found dead and over six pace became quite ill quickly. The main cause of this disaster was the due to the high concentrations of SO2. That is why it is important to do whatever you can to eliminate as lots as the pollution factor as you can. Cleaning the coal before combustion pretreatment will reduce pollution and even when your done cleaning you can clean the stack gases after combustion. This is an often-missed step in the pollution elimination process. Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham has a new idea why to clean t he coal. This isnt just for environment safety but he believes that it will be a major source of hydrogen in the years to come.

War and Deception - President George Bush and President Lyndon Johnson

The responsibilities of a presidential administration to the United States should be easily defined, but in many instances have return to be uncertain. at that place are ii wars over the last century that have compromised the American reputation, as well as the integrity of our people. On these two occasions the intentions of our president have been something different than publicized to the country. The United States as a whole was deceived by two particular leaders and their administration. Through propaganda, selective speech, and exaggerated evidence, Presidents Lyndon Johnson and George W. Bush manipulated the support of the nation for their bold armed forces actions and personal agendas. In August of 1964 there was an alleged attack by North Vietnamese torpedo boats against the United States navy while they were stationed in the Tonkin Gulf reporting intelligence information to South Vietnam. This attack was said to have occurred with no innervation from the United St ates. President Lyndon Johnson and his advisers decided upon immediate retaliation with air attacks. Johnson went hike in asking Congress to pass a resolution that would authorize further military action. The Tonkin Gulf Resolution was passed by Congress on August seventh. This has been described by historians as a blank check for the Johnson and Nixon administrations (Nelson, 452). It gave the president prominent authority over decisions do about the war in Vietnam. Both Johnson and Nixon cited the Tonkin Gulf Resolution many times during their terms to justify further military action in Southeast Asia. In 1968, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee performed investigations that revealed that Johnson had been deceptive in gaining the support of Congress. Records and testimonies showed that the U.S. ship attacked that August day in 1964 was in truth in North Vietnamese territory gathering sensitive information. It was also revealed that the administration was aware that an attack was possible while in these waters (Nelson, 452). There were also further revelations of the deception of President Johnson. In 1995, Vo Nguyen Giap, a retired Vietnamese general met with former Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara. In this meeting, Giap repeatedly denied that the Tonkin Gulf attack had forever happened. Also, in 2001, a taped conversation between Lyndon Johnson and McNamara exposed Johnsons o... ...nd lose respect for the United States. These actions have caused us to look like reason hungry, arrogant intruders around the world. The deception of the government needs to be terminated. The foreign policy and actions of the United States needs to be made public. Citizens need to be made aware of the governments intentions, so as to create a wider support group or to give us the right to protest and mental block actions they do not agree with. Work CitedBunch, William. assail Iraq not a new idea for Bush clique. Philly Daily News. 27 January 2003.Davidson , Kenneth. The Real Reasons America is Invading Iraq. The Age. 20 March 2003.Ellsburg, Daniel. Secrets A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers. New York Viking Penguin, 2002.Martin, Patrick. What happened to Iraqs weapons of mass destruction? International Committee of the Fourth International. 22 April 2003.Nelson, Michael. The Presidency A to Z. Washington, D.C. congressional Quarterly, Inc., 1998.Scheer, Christopher. Ten Appalling Lies We Were Told About Iraq. Alternet. 27 June 2003. Weapons of Mass Destruction Who Said What When. Counter Punch. 29 May 2003.

Marina Warners The Dragon Empress Essay -- Marina Warner The Dragon E

Marina Warners The Dragon Empress At the age of sixteen, the beautiful and elegant Tzu-hsi entered the Forbidden City in Peking. The daunting walls, wonderful buildings and massive pillars loomed around her as she walked deeper and deeper into its confines. She entered the palace as a timid young girl, but it was from within these walls that she would keep her claws around all of mainland China. Marina Warner describes the life of this ruthless enchantress in The Dragon Empress, an essential read for understanding Chinese culture during the 18th and early 19th centuries. Tzu-hsi, similarly known as the empress dowager, rule all of China from 1861 to 1908. It is amazing that a woman ruled over 400 million people during this time. She began as a courtesan in the emperor moths court, but after bearing a male heir she quickly gained power. After the death of the emperor and the death of her son, Tzu-hsi appointed her nephew to the throne. She quickly bec ame displease with him, however, and took all the power for herself. Tzu-hsi hated the outside powers who were carving up China for themselves, so she encouraged the Boxer Rebellion. The Boxers attacked foreigners in an attempt to get them to leave. Tzu-hsi also tried to keep China traditional and hated modernization. She was a very powerful and cunning woman who manipulated those around her. The book begins with the birth of Tzu-hsi in 1835 and goes on to explain her family situation. It describes her path to power and how she manipulated the eunuchs in the palace to act as her spies and personal confidants. From the circumstances of her birth to her fatal fight with dysentery, Tzu-hsis life is depict in great detail within the... ...cited, so it is a great tool in understanding Tzu-hsi. However, I would have believed Marina more if she cited personal accounts of Chinese people who lived during Tzu-hsis time. I would like to know how the people of China really felt, and if it is how Marina describes it. Despite any inherent weaknesses in the book, Marina Warner has done an incredible hypothesize bringing the story of Tzu-hsi and a vivid image of China to the world. The photographs that she placed in this book depict court life and compliment the book well. Marinas mastery of words allows her to paint the scenes of Tzu-hsis life. I highly recommend this book to anyone who is interested in discovering the intimate details of Tzu-hsis life, her road to power, and China at the turn of the century. Works CitedWarner, Marina. The Dragon Empress. New York Atheneum, 1986.

The Power of Place :: Essays Papers

The Power of PlaceThe main thing is to root politics in place. The phylogenetic relation for home permits a broad reach in the process of coalition building. It allows strange bedfellows to find one another. It allows worldviews to surface and change. It allows politics to remain an exercise in hope. And it allows the unthinkable to happen sometimes. Allen Thein Durning, This Place on Earth , P.249 The concept of place, home and community is a transnational and trans-community concept. Human places have just recently been attached political boundaries. Previously, human boundaries were determined the same way that animal, plant, and ecosystem boundaries were defined. They were defined by ecology and they were defined by geography of region and hemisphere. Tony Hiss Author of The live of Place brings to our attention that as humans We react, consciously or unconsciously, to the places where we live and work, in ways we scarcely notice or that are only without delay becoming known to usIn short, the places where we spend our time affect the people we are and can become. Place defines characteristics in both human and all-embracing moral communities. Place is not necessarily special to gender, race, generation or specie. This understanding and recognition of place is fundamental when thinking about institutionalizing ecological and genial responsibility. Because of human and nonhuman connections to specific places including knowledge, experience and community, using a sense of place and permanence as a green transnational multilateral curtain raising could be a successful step towards green democracy and ecological citizenship. Robyn Eckersley offers the suggestion of a constitutionally entrenched principle that would enhance ecological and social responsibility the preventive principle. I suggest connecting localized, place-specific boundaries with the principle. This addition is meant to aid in fostering ecological citizenship, expanding the moral comm unity, and creating a responsible society. This addition would also be meant to unite a transnational issue that all nations could agree upon. This would create a binding multilateral principle that would be thoroughly accepting of specific ecological needs and characteristics of specific places. In short, the big picture of an international perspective needs the resolution of the peculiarities of place that cant be emphasized in a global viewpoint. The second major international environmental conference was held in Rio de Janeiro, in 1992. It was at Rio that the precautionary principle first became known to the public. Called principle 15, the precautionary principle provided that Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation (p.

Restriction Enzyme Analysis :: Papers

Restriction Enzyme Analysis Research question Using only the information from these experiments calculate the number and size of the fragments that would be made using BAMH1 bulwark enzyme, and calculate the migration distances of the various fragments. Restriction enzyme used Base pairing fragments Distance Travelled (cm)* Log of base pairs* Example My Group ECO R1 (6 fragments) 21226 7421 5804 5643 4878 3530 1.4 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.9 - 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.3 - - 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.5 HIND III (7 fragments) 23130 9416 6682 4361 2322 2027 564 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.7 3.5 3.7 5.8 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.9 3.1 - 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.3 2.8 Predicted figures from my graph BAM H1 (6 fragments) 16842 7233 6770 6527 5626 5504 1.3 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.8 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 Results *All figures in table are to 2s.f. I chose to calculate th e log of the base pairs because the numbers vary significantly, making it difficult to plot on a graph. By doing this you can put the values into perspective for easy comparison. I will only use the example on my graph, as my results are ill-defined and inaccurate. I measured the distance from the edge of the gel, where the well ended to the centre of each fragment.

Gun Control Control Laws Decrease Crime Rates Essay -- Constituton Bil

The United States of the States has encountered many problems payable to the increase in core of gun owners which has contributed to the rise of crimes and problems that we face today. Our nation has about 65 million people who own a frightening 240 million firearms. This ridiculous amount of firearms in our nation creates a need for gun control. Gun control laws such as the Brady Act can help work on gun problems and make America a safer place to live.The Brady Act and other gun control laws argon effective solutions to our gun control needs. Since the law was started in February of 1994, crime rates related to to firearms grant fallen 25%. The Brady Act does several things for gun control. First, it makes a waiting period for every purchase of a firearm. This waiting period is of large significance for a few reasons. The waiting period which precedes the sale of the firearm gives the potential criminal time to cool glowering therefore the chances of premeditated crimes are lessened. Also during the waiting period, a background check is required for the someone trying to purchase the firearm. If the background check shows that the buyer has been in prison or if they have even one misdemeanor, no sale entrust take place. The Assault Rifle Ban prohibits manufacturing, importing, and people from owning self-loading assault weapons. If a person would like to own an assault rifle they will have to attain a certain license and they also will be required to have a background check similar to th... Gun Control Control Laws Decrease Crime Rates Essay -- Constituton BilThe United States of America has encountered many problems due to the increase in amount of gun owners which has contributed to the rise of crimes and problems that we face today. Our nation has about 65 million people who own a frightening 240 million firearms. This ridiculous amount of firearms in our nation creates a need for gun control. Gun control laws such as the Brady Ac t can help solve gun problems and make America a safer place to live.The Brady Act and other gun control laws are effective solutions to our gun control needs. Since the law was started in February of 1994, crime rates related to firearms have fallen 25%. The Brady Act does several things for gun control. First, it makes a waiting period for every purchase of a firearm. This waiting period is of great significance for a few reasons. The waiting period which precedes the sale of the firearm gives the potential criminal time to cool off therefore the chances of premeditated crimes are lessened. Also during the waiting period, a background check is required for the person trying to purchase the firearm. If the background check shows that the purchaser has been in prison or if they have even one misdemeanor, no sale will take place. The Assault Rifle Ban prohibits manufacturing, importing, and people from owning semiautomatic assault weapons. If a person would like to own an assault rif le they will have to attain a certain license and they also will be required to have a background check similar to th...

Gun Control Control Laws Decrease Crime Rates Essay -- Constituton Bil

The United States of America has encountered many problems due to the make up in amount of shoot owners which has contributed to the rise of villainys and problems that we face today. Our body politic has about 65 million people who own a frightening 240 million firearms. This crackbrained amount of firearms in our nation creates a need for poor boy control. Gun control laws such as the Brady Act can help solve gun problems and make America a safer place to live.The Brady Act and other gun control laws are effective solutions to our gun control needs. Since the law was started in February of 1994, crime rates related to firearms necessitate fallen 25%. The Brady Act does several things for gun control. First, it makes a delay period for every purchase of a firearm. This waiting period is of great meaning for a few reasons. The waiting period which precedes the sale of the firearm gives the potential criminal time to cool off accordingly the chances of premeditated crimes are lessened. a corresponding during the waiting period, a background check is required for the person trying to purchase the firearm. If the background check shows that the purchaser has been in prison or if they deal even one misdemeanor, no sale will take place. The Assault Rifle Ban prohibits manufacturing, importing, and people from owning semiautomatic scandalise weapons. If a person would like to own an assault rifle they will have to attain a certain license and they also will be required to have a background check similar to th... Gun Control Control Laws Decrease Crime Rates Essay -- Constituton BilThe United States of America has encountered many problems due to the increase in amount of gun owners which has contributed to the rise of crimes and problems that we face today. Our nation has about 65 million people who own a frightening 240 million firearms. This ridiculous amount of firearms in our nation creates a need for gun control. Gun control laws such as the Brady Act can help solve gun problems and make America a safer place to live.The Brady Act and other gun control laws are effective solutions to our gun control needs. Since the law was started in February of 1994, crime rates related to firearms have fallen 25%. The Brady Act does several things for gun control. First, it makes a waiting period for every purchase of a firearm. This waiting period is of great significance for a few reasons. The waiting period which precedes the sale of the firearm gives the potential criminal time to cool off therefore the chances of premeditated crimes are lessened. Also during the waiting period, a background check is required for the person trying to purchase the firearm. If the background check shows that the purchaser has been in prison or if they have even one misdemeanor, no sale will take place. The Assault Rifle Ban prohibits manufacturing, importing, and people from owning semiautomatic assault weapons. If a person would like to ow n an assault rifle they will have to attain a certain license and they also will be required to have a background check similar to th...

New Team Leadership Essay

SUMMARY Our organization is adding a radical department for the companys strategic plan to enter a unfermented market segment. As the manager for the new department for Team A, one must evaluate each team up member to hold myself. This evaluation should be of any current situations that may arise, culture, and any urgent matters. To approach this in a sensible manner, one should use any principles or methodology on with any best practices or guidelines that green goddess assist with coming to any decisions that may lead to be made. Prior to arriving at any conclusions, marchings will need to take place with current management and the team to assess the plans put forth.These meetings with management should include a brainstorming session, while at the same date allow management the opportunity to critique and analyze any matters, and therefore countenance any valuable feedback that may come from these meetings. This will help to direct any strengths and weaknesses of th e plans that are currently in the developing stage, thus allowing Team A to make the necessary changes to help ease the transitioning of the new department. In directlys world, teams are now becoming an intricate part of many organizations as they begin to shift toward team environments. As organizations shift towards team environments, it provide opportunities for multiple constitution types to come together thus increasing the chance for success throughout the company.TEAM LEADERSHIP AND EVALUATIONSIn order to develop a great team, the team must understand the companysgoals and expectations of what management is requiring within the new department. As the leader of the team, one has to know what the team take are and provide any tools necessary to accomplish those goals expected from us. As the manager of this new department, I will evaluate each member of the team, to include myself and try to properly define or identify the constitution type of each individual. After providi ng the Jungian 16-Type Personality assessment to each team member, the result for one individual was the ENFP personality type and the results of the remaining 3 members that includes myself were ENTP personality type (University of Phoenix, 2014).PERSONALITY TYPESTeam Member Jerry Villanueva Jerrys assessment score is ENFP. ENFP personality types identify individuals desire Jerry as outgoing because he is people oriented. It also mentions he has a creative side and is a highly optimistic person. some other thing about an ENFP personality type is that these individuals are inspiring, expressive, social and values-oriented. They do non like to miss out on anything that is going on roughly them and like to experience social events (Personality Max, 2007 2014). Jerry can be beneficial in that his personality type provides energy to the team and is enthusiastic in this new initiative presented to Team A. He can be an advocate through his support for the team while displaying his vision for the big picture. Jerry can be exciting for the team because he is a passionate individual and is energetic when around people (Personality Max, 2007 2014).Team Member Jason Sanford, Janette Salgado, and Eddie Trevizo The remaining team members, Jason, Janette, and Eddies assessment score is ENTP. ENFP personality types identify individuals such as Jason, Janette, and me as innovative people who are looking for new ideas or a new way of doing things. Though we can be individualistic in pursuing our thoughts or actions, an ENTP personality type is also versatile in that one is able to do many unlike things or have many different uses and can embrace a variety of skills. ENTP is also entrepreneurial. In other words, one is willing to take the danger of have goting a new challenge such as becoming the manager of Team A. ENTP personality types like to be the originator through logic, curiosity, and like to invent as possibilities can seem endless in an endeavor such as thi s. The willingness to contribute is also a positive andcan be intellectual (Personality Max, 2007 2014).EVALUATING THE SITUATIONDetermining what is a true sense of urgency. Urgency does not necessarily mean that the new department is in crisis mode. Goals must lighten be met and as a manager one should take a look at the big picture to finalise what needs are not being met. Do not change ones expectations on what should get done. As a manager, one must look around to determine how to establish a sense of urgency as a positive way to re-enforce company culture through positive change. Team members should develop a vision and strategy, communicate the change, and empower the employees. Team A members need to consider how to approach employees without creating panic to take the new department into the new market segment so that it causes successful while incorporating a new management style and new positive environmental, organizational, behavioral, and work culture.LEADERSHIP APPR OACHESAs a manager, one should jell the management style to the current situation. One also must provide a vision, be trustworthy, and encourage team members and employees to receive positive reaction. The manager shall provide a proactive and powerful message to create motivation. Assure that the right tools are available for employees and provide the necessary training to stimulate procure trustworthiness. Training should be provided to managers to develop understanding of how to better evaluate situations to become effective. Review the situation and involve everyone when wanting to lead across cultural barriers and become an effective leader. Leadership should follow the five dimensions which involve integrity, consistency, openness, competence, and loyalty (Coulter & Robbins, 2012).PRINCIPLE TO APPLYPrinciples one would choose to apply from various theories such as lead behaviors like the democratic style that involves employees in its decision making process while using fee dback to coach employees. One would also incorporate the seven lead traits which are desire to lead, drive, honesty and integrity, intelligence, self-confidence, extraversion, and job knowledge. Combining the leadership traits and democratic style behavior can help to achieve the necessary results for thelaunch of the new department (Coulter & Robbins, 2012).CONCLUSIONTo conclude this memorandum, it is the desire of Team A to accept the challenge of incorporating different personalities and expertise to manage this new department. As manager, I accept full responsibility to ensure the success of this venture. Team A looks forward to creating a positive environment where visions, innovation, creativity, passionate, energetic, and enthusiastic individuals demonstrate and provide the drive to meet the companys goals and expectations are met. Team A looks forward to a new and successful venture entering this new market segment and to a successful launch of the new department.References Coulter, M., & Robbins, S. P. (2012). Management (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall. Personality Max. (2007 2014). Mypersonality.info. Retrieved from http//www.mypersonality.info/personality-types University of Phoenix. (2014). Self-assessment library 3.4. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, MGT521 website.

An Efficient Bio-key Management Scheme for Telemedicine Applications

An Efficient Bio-key Management strategy for Telemedicine ApplicationsAbstraction Checkup detector sack ups play a critical function for real-time health attention observe of telemedicine establish applications. Telemedicine provide specialized health c atomic number 18 audience to patients in distant locations. We use electronic information and communication engineerings to fork out and back up health care when the distance separate the participants. In order to guarantee the cover and security of patients critical wellness information, it is indispensable to supply efficient coding strategy. This paper personates a fresh Mamdani establish Bio-Key Management ( MBKM ) technique, which assures existent clip wellness attention supervising with out any overhead. We present the simulation consequences to demo that the proposed MBKM strategy can accomplish greater security in footings of macrocosm presentation prosodies such as False Match commit ( FMR ) , False Non Match Rate ( FNMR ) , and echt toleration Rate ( GAR ) than other recent bing attacks.KeywordsHealthcare, security, Medical detector webs, Key Management1. IntroductionProgresss in communicating engineerings, such as wearable and implantable biosensors, along with recent maturements in the embedded computer science coun approximate are enabling the design, development, and execution of checkup detector webs. This category of webs is paving the manner for the deployment of advanced health care monitoring applications. In the past few old ages, much of the research in the country of medical detector webs has foc utilise on issues related to medical detector designs, detector miniaturisation, low-power detector circuitry, signal processing, and communications protocols. In this paper, we present a zero(prenominal)eel Mamdani based Bio-Key Management ( MBKM ) , which assures existent clip wellness attention supervising with less operating expense for telemedicine applications. Telemedicine mea ns the distant medical expertness at the point of demand or medicate at distance. Telemedicine engineering is in the first place required for the people populating in rural countries, aged people and handicap people 1 . We highlight some of the design ch bothenges and unfastened issues that still need to be addressed to do medical detector webs genuinely everyplace.The development of telemedicine based health care applications presents assorted fresh challenges like dependable existent clip informations transportation, seasonableness, Energy and Power direction for a broad grasp of applications 2 . Further using new engineerings in telemedicine applications without sing security facets like privateness, hallmark, confidentiality and building blocky as susceptible 3 . For illustration, the patients wellness information is delicate and escape of single patients personal informations could do him uncomfortable. Further much sometimes exposing wellness information may ensue in a individual losing his occupation or do it infeasible to obtain insurance protection 4 .Fig.1 explains the hazards to patient security in Body range Network ( BAN ) . Here assorted detectors are implanted in the benevolent perfect structure to mensurate the critical marks like ECG, EEG, EMG, rip force per unit area, glucose degree, etc. , can be connected to other detectors or to the control nodes. Further detectors transmit the patient information to a medical expertness utilizing wired or wireless engineering. Now the interloper may spy the patient informations and he can change or may placement the information in societal sites, which pose hazards to patients security.Fig.1 Risks to patient securityMore significantly, Healthcare supplier must follow HIPAA ( Health indemnity Portability and Accountability Act ) regulations. Otherwise supplier is subjected to punishment 5 .So a patient security is a most of import anxiousness in telemedicine based health care applicatio ns.2. Related PlantsWith the betterment of progress engineering invasive computer science is observed as cardinal engineering to help cyclosis medical informations communicating for telemedicine based applications with the aid of deploying detectors 6, 7 .Several solutions for medical information security have been proposed to protect the Body country web security. ECC ( prolate curve cryptanalysis ) , hardware encoding, TinySec and biometric methods are sorts of solutions discussed in 8 . Link layer encoding is achieved in the innate structure country web by TinySec attack 9 . If one medical detector releases the key or it acts as an aggressor, all the information in the Body country web go forth be released. Elliptic curve cryptanalysis ( ECC ) has been utilize in the radio detector webs 10, 11 . This public cardinal cryptographic technique requires more energy compared to bilateral cardinal cryptanalytic techniques.Biometricss obtained from the human organic structur e to procure the key is proposed in 12 . Compared with cryptanalytic techniques, this technique cut ware calculation and communicating cost. Electro cardio gm ( ECG ) and Photo plethysmogram ( PPG ) signals are employ as first-class biometric characteristics to procure the informations in organic structure country web 13, 14 .The fuzzed overlook strategy has been preponderantly used for biometric hallmark, such as fingerprints and iris image acknowledgment 1517 . Fuzzy vault strategy play a major function to work out the job of security in telemedicine based applications. Fuzzy vault strategy is used in Phsiological Signal based Key Agreement ( PSKA ) to set up secured pairwise cardinal understanding between the nodes in Body country webs 18 , which solves chiefly the synchronism job and issues in characteristic reordering 19 .Biometric Encryption strategy is a cryptanalysis strategy which is used to keep the security of biometries and charter forth a strong key from b iometries 20 . In this strategy, the husk points are non necessary to be added to convey, so the hold clip and energy white plague is reduced.In 21 , the writer proposes new thought for message and user hallmark. This strategy compares present ECG signal with the antecedently recorded ECG guide to verify the individuality. Since the templet is inactive, this method provides hapless public presentation. The writers of the paper 22 propose ECG-IJS strategy to better hallmark of streaming medical information. The writer used characteristics of ECG signal to identify coevals for unafraid real-time medical informations communicating.3. System DesignMamdani based Bio-key Management ( MBKM ) strategy is proposed based on the in the beginning treatment on ECG-IJS strategy. MBKM strategy is introduced to guarantee the security for streaming medical informations communicating in Telemedicine based applications. The proposed MBKM strategy is shown in Fig. 2.Fig. 2 MBKM strategyA novel proposed MBKM strategy is shown in Fig. 2 which uses organic structure country webs to make water qui vive to the infirmary, even before the patient have critical jobs like booby onslaught, glucose degree through mensurating alterations in their important marks as temperature of the patient, pulse rate, glucose degree, blood force per unit area and respiratory rate. Detectors, which are implanted in the patients organic structure step the degree of important marks and convey the parametric quantity esteems to medical expert operative in the intensive bearer unit of the infirmary to take necessary actions to salvage the life of a patient.Intensive attention units are equipped with multi-modal proctors which are able to simultaneously step and expose the wellness position of the patient. In such instance, this important real-time medical information must be estimable sheltered against aggressors and security facets must be satisfied 23 . Health attention units with hapless sec urity execution processs for telemedicine may take to incorrect analyse and intervention for the patient.The process at the transmitter side is given as follows Electrocardiogram detector is used to detect the ECG signal from the human organic structure. Nyquist theorem at the rate of 120 Hz is applied on the ECG signal to take samples. 512 points Fast Fourier transform ( FFT ) is conducted on the sampled ECG informations. Since FFT procedure is symmetric foremost 256 coefficients are retained among 512 coefficients. All the extremum values on the extracted FFT coefficients are used as characteristics. A multinomial equation with degree N is constructed and the cardinal K is generated. Patients information is encrypted with the generated key K and hash value based on SHA-1 algorithm is calculated. Then sender sends the gasbag contains the encrypted message, subset of coefficients and hash value to the receiving dodging.The process at the receiver side is described as follows Simil ar to the transmitter, receiving system besides repeats the process to detect the ECG signal, try the signal and pull out the first 256 Feature coefficients. Then a new multinomial with degree M is constructed utilizing the standard coefficients and the multinomial on all points in characteristics to acquire a set of braces. Key at the receiving system K is reconstructed from received coefficients and the new hash value is calculated. Key K and hash value is compared with reconstructed cardinal K and new hash value. If the keys are same, so decrypted information is authenticated informations.Mamdani based Fuzzy illation system is playing a major function to guarantee security in telemedicine applications. Stairss for the design of fuzzed illation system are explained in the instance of multinomial grade 10 as follows 1 ) Input signal variables are identified as I1, I2and end product variable is identified as Y. 2 ) Universe of discourse for the input variables are defined in the sco pe -0.01, -1e-16 and end product variable is defined in the scope 0,1 . 3 ) linguistic recording label assigned for the interval spanned by each input variables in to a token of fuzzed subsets are taken as S1, S2, S3, S4, S5,Second6, S7, S8, S9, S10. Linguistic label assigned for the interval spanned by each end product variables in to a watch of fuzzed subsets are taken as Yttrium1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5Yttrium6, Y7, Y8, Y9, Y104 ) Triangular regulate map is assigned for each fuzzy subset. 5 ) Rule-base is formed by delegating the fuzzy relationship between inputs fuzzed subsets on the one hired hand and end products fuzzy subset on the other manus. If I1is S1and I2is S1so Y is Y1.If I1is S1and I2is S2so Y is Y2.If I1is S1and I2is S3so Y is Y3.If I1is S1and I2is S4so Y is Y4.If I1is S1and I2is S5so Y is Y5.If I1is S1and I2is S6so Y is Y6.If I1is S1and I2is S7so Y is Y7.If I1is S1and I2is S8so Y is Y8.If I1is S1and I2is S9so Y is Y9.If I1is S1and I2is S10so Y is Y10.In connatural m anner, wholly the 100 combinations of regulations are formed. 6 ) Fuzzy end products recommended by each regulation are aggregated. 7 ) Crisp end product is obtained by using one of the defuzzification technique called Centroid of country ( COA ) . Then utilizing this end product, parametric quantities like False Match Rate, False Non Match Rate and Genuine Acceptance Rate are calculated.4. Simulation ConsequencesWe validate the MBKM strategy by mensurating the parametric quantities like False Match Rate ( FMR ) , False Non Match Rate ( FNMR ) and Genuine Acceptance Rate ( GAR ) and Half Total Error Rate ( HTER ) . For this strategy, we downloaded 10 patients ECG signal for 10 seconds from MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. We used MATLAB package tool to imitate the proposed MBKM strategy. ECG signals are used for coevals of cardinal and medical information like EEG, EMG, blood glucose degree, blood force per unit area degree etc. , can be send to medical expertness in existent clip for t elemedicine based applications.The public presentation of FMR versus figure of patients is given inFig. 3. FMR value represents the chance that the system falsely matches the input form to a non-matching templet in the database. It measures the per centum of invalid inputs which are falsely accepted. So FMR value must be low for the stable system. This secret plan proves that False Match Rate is deject in the proposed MBKM strategy when compared to ECG-IJS strategy.Fig. 3 FMR versus Number of patientsThe public presentation of FNMR versus figure of patients is shown inFig. 4. FNMR value represents the chance that the system fails to observe a lucifer between the input form and a duplicate templet in the database. It measures the per centum of valid inputs which are falsely rejected.Stable system should give lower FNMR. This secret plan proves that False Non Match Rate is lower in the proposed MBKM strategy when compared to bing ECG-IJS strategy.Fig. 4 FNMR versus Number of patients The public presentation of GAR versus figure of patients is present inFig. 5.GAR value represents the fraction of hallmark efforts by echt users that are accepted. Stable system should give higher GAR. This secret plan proves that Genuine Acceptance Rate is higher in the proposed MBKM strategy when compared to the bing ECG-IJS strategy.Fig. 5 GAR versus Number of patientsThe public presentation of HTER versus figure of patients is present inFig. 6.HTER value represents the norm of False Match Rate and False Non Match Rate. Stable system should give low HTER. This secret plan proves that HTER is lower in the proposed MBKM strategy when compared to the bing ECG-IJS strategy.Fig. 6 HTER versus Number of patients5. DecisionSecure communicating is robustly required to continue a patients wellness privateness and safety in telemedicine based applications. In this paper, we present an efficient Mamdani based Bio-Key Management ( MBKM ) strategy for cardinal direction based security strateg y in telemedicine based applications. This strategy makes the system stable system by supplying low FNMR, High GAR, low FMR and low HTER. This new strategy is less difficult and is offers the security in footings of hallmark, informations confidentiality, informations unity. It remains future work to make energy analysis and implement nervous web attack to procure medical informations communicating for telemedicine applications.Mentions 1 Yasumitsu Tomaika, Isao Nakajima, Hiroshi Juzoji, Toshihikonkitano, Patent Issues on Telemedicine in eHealth, IEEE International conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Service,187-193,2008.Pardeep kumar and Hoon Jay-Lee, Security Issues in Healthcare Applications Using Wireless Medical Sensor Networks A Survey, Sensors,55-91,2012 3 Dimitriou, T. , ,Loannis, K. , Security Issues in Biomedical Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on Applied Sciences on Biomedical and intercourse Technologies ( ISABE L08 ) , Aalborg, Denmark, 2528 October 2008. 4 Meingast.M, Roosta.T. , Sastry.S, Security and Privacy Issues with Healthcare knowledge applied science. In Proceedings of the 28th IEEE EMBS Annual International Conference, New York, NY, USA,5453-5458, 31 dread3 September 2006.. 5 Office for Civil Rights, United State Department of Health and Human Services. Medical Privacy. National Standards of Protect the Privacy of Personal-Health-Information. operational online hypertext transfer protocol //www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/administrative/privacyrule/index.html. 6 J. Woods, The five manners of centripetal applications, Gartner Research, 2006. 7 M. M. M. B. Amer and M. I. M. Izraiq, System with intelligent cable-less transducers for monitoring and analysing biosignals, European Patent Application, 2007. 8 M. Mana, M. Feham, and B. A. Bensaber, Trust cardinal direction strategy for radio organic structure country webs, International Journal of Network Security, vol. 12, no . 2, pp. 6169, 2011. 9 C. Karlof, N. Sastry, and D. Wagner, TinySec a nexus bed security architecture for radio detector webs, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, ( SenSys 04 ) , pp. 162175, Baltimore, Md, USA, November 2004. 10 M. Guennoun, M. Zandi, and K. El-Khatib, On the usage of biometries to procure radio biosensor webs, inProceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Informationand Communication Technologies FromTheory to Applications, ( ICTTA 08 ), pp. 15, Damascus, Syria, April 2008. 11 P. Szczechowiak, L. B. Oliveira, M. Scott, M. Collier, and R. Dahab, NanoECC proving the bounds of elliptic curve cryptanalysis in detector webs, inProceedings of the 5ThursdayEuropean Conference onWireless Sensor Networks, pp. 305320, Bologna, Italy, February 2008. 12 S. Cherukuri, K. K. Venkatasubramanian, and S. K. S. Gupta, BioSec a biometric based attack for procuring communicating in wireless webs of biosensors implanted in the human organic structure, inProceedings of the International Conferenceon Parallel Processing Workshops, pp. 432439, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, October 2003. 13 C. C. Y. Poon, Y.-T. Zhang, and S.-D. Bao, A novel biometries method to procure radio organic structure country detector webs for telemedicine and m-health, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 7381, 2006. 14 S. D. Bao, C. C. Y. Poon, L. F. Shen, and Y. T. Zhang, Using the timing information of pulse as an entity identifier to procure organic structure detector web, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 12, no. 6, pp.772779, 2008. 15 U. Uludag, S. Pankanti, and A. K. Jain, Fuzzy vault for fingerprints, in Proceedings of the Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication ( AVBPA 05 ) , vol. 3546, pp. 310319, Hilton Rye Town, NY, USA, July 2005. 16 E. S. Reddy and I. R. Babu, Authentication utilizing fuzzed vault based on iris textures, inProceedings of the 2nd Asia Inter national Conference on Modelling and Simulation, ( AMS 08 ), pp. 361368, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, May 2008. 17 A. Juels and M. Sudan, A fuzzy vault strategy, inProceedings of the International Symposium on Information Theory, vol. 38, pp. 237257, Seattle, Wash, USA, July 2006. 18 K. K. Venkatasubramanian, A. Banerjee, and S. K. S. Gupta, PSKA useable and unafraid cardinal understanding strategy for organic structure country webs, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 6068, 2010. 19 F. M. Bui and D. Hatzinakos, Biometric methods for secure communications in organic structure sensor webs resource-efficient cardinal direction and signal-level informations scrambling, EURASIPJournal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2008, Article ID529879, 16 pages, 2008. 20 A. K. Jain, K. Nandakumar, and A. Nagar, Biometric templet security, EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2008, Article ID 579416, 17 pages, 2008. 21 L.Biel, O.Pe ttersson, L.Philipson and P.Wide.ECG Analysis A new attack in human designation J .IEEE Trans.Instrum.Meas,2001808-812. 22 Zhaoyangzhang, Honggangwang, Athanasios V.Vasilokas And Hua Fang.ECG-Cryptography and Authentication in Body Area Networks J .IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine,20121070-1078. 23 H.Wang, D.Peng, W.Wang, H.Sharif, H.Hwa Chen and A.Khoynezhad.Resource-aware secure ECG wellness attention supervising through organic structure detector webs J .IEEEWirelessCommunications,2010 vol.17, no.1,12-19.

The Complexity of the Health Care System

The Complexities of the Health Care System and its Future With all that is before us as a society of human beings, wellness aid is further most(prenominal)-off reaching and of the highest attribute next to our pull throughence. Without proper wellness cover life becomes a hollow constituteence. We push through each day with painful thoughts astir(predicate) life, or what we think we get nigh it. While we focus on negative feelings of weakness and doom, wishing for remediate days. Always hoping for a peace that we k right away will never come in this life without our wellness. Health sell is something everyone is non privilege to reach.Billions of people around the world are suffering passing(a) from lack of proper wellness charge. Unfortunately m both deport no c one timeit what it is to be wellnessy, or what it feels akin to feel good. They have no creative thinker they are sick, all they k straight is that they exist. To be numb is what they subsist, how unfortunate. Here in America, just about people k straightway what it is to have a feeling of wellness, to feel good, mentally, physically and to some extent spiritually. With the existing wellness alimony system legion(predicate) are feeling the pains of being sick, no weeklong able to exist with that feel good spirit.Suffering is suitable the norm, filled with depression to a greater extent than often than non because of their failing wellness. Not being able to afford decorous to(predicate) wellness fretting, which is now far out of their reach, mainly because they evoke not afford it. They no longitudinal have the wellness coverage they in one case had, now having to rely on aide and assistance that is not guaranteed. Their existence is now in the hands of the politicians, political relation agencies and advocates who now speak for them. We are slowly losing because of the musical note of wellness conduct that has become a commodity for those who sack afford it.U nfortunately everyone is not always entitled to life saving health fright with the flow rate system of health cathexis. Can that person who is mentally ill walking the street get able health wish well? What about the stateless person person without a place to lay their head at night. Where has smell health perplexity gone, or did we ever modernly have it? Is in that respect every hope for our future health reverence system? Although the hospital is of the most appreciated and unfortunately the most maligned and least understood institution in the U. S. ociety, with dandy regret, the accede complexities of the get together States health feel for system will unfortunately and inevitably affect the quality of future health business organization While the hospital and health care system is one that is very oft contracted, the maligned and mis get winding interferes with its nobility. How is it that we live in the 21 century, and have major mis sympathizeing which w e are experiencing inside our health care system here in the join State? With all the s fallholders within the U. S. health care industry, it is no wonder we are now facing the complex dilemma in our current health care system.Due to the benchmark breedings in U. S. health care, we are now at a standstill with problematic issues. The major influences with the advances and other changes are factors create the complexities we are facing. With the legislative, political, economical, as well as organizational and professional influences, the once dire height of the health care industry is now compromised amplely. Unfortunately the ill effects of medical education, technological advances, with rising cost along with changing population demographics, the American values are now being affected.Our major health care institutions medical schools, groups of specialist physicians, general hospitals, and research organizations have together overshot the aim of longanimouss care actual ly requisiteed or used by the vast majority of uncomplainings (Christensen, Bohmer, and Kenagy 2000). Our nation spends over 17% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health care, but does not have the quality of other compared nations no where near that number. Looking patronize at the history of health care, the puzzling affects of the demo out come is all but shocking to most Americans (Sultz, and Young, 2011).Being a $2. 5 trillion dollar industry, medical care is turn out of reach(predicate) for many a(prenominal) Americans. What has caused this industry to skyrocket is more so due much to independent medical practices and partnership with provider organization, public and nonprofit institutions such as hospitals, nursing homes and other specialized care facilities along with major private corporations. Dating tolerate to the early American hospitals, they served a varied purpose from those of uniform a shots hospitals.Sheltering older adults, the dying, orphans, a nd vagrants, there purpose was to protect the inhabitants of its community from the contagiously sick and the dangerously insane. It seems there has always been a combative relationship amongst patients and the hospital, and hospital personnel. The need for in somaation, comfort, and human contact is and has been a common complaint which is rooted in the overall history of medical care. With so much with its history, health care grew from a basket of issues which has now personnel casualtyomed into what we see now as complex, from doctors and patients, to a personnel of nurses, aides, technicians, and the therapists, along with other hospital staff. With all this complexity and bedlam, the once noble attributes of the health care profession has lost most of its qualities to misunderstandings and purpose. Malpractice is not an unknown word to the American public, and it is fundamentally correlated to a failure on the part of the physician. Malpractice is just one element that indicates patient mistrust in physician disclosure.Patients have turned to other sources and involven more business upon themselves because of manifest or fear that their physician is giving them incomplete in embodimentation, resulting in an change magnitude number of second opinions being sought and increase referencing of secondary sources. Patient function has increased because of physician failure to disclose the inherent misunderstanding of uncertainty on the part of the patient (Henry, 2006) While quality health care is of nifty brilliance to our society, the problems within the health care system, unfortunately supersedes the quality for patient care.Is the problem within the health care system which is something that can be resolved, or will it being unsolvable for any administration to fix. Quality health care has been interrupted for reasons that baffle most Americans. Not being able to understand the any reason we as a country can not work this major issue with he alth care to some balance. Since the organization stepped into health care, the door has been left open for many other mandates to enter. In offend of the history of the hospital, the need for quality care has been paramount, dating as far back as the early 19th century.Hospitals were noted for being disgraceful, dirty, unventilated, and the lack of medical care was a objective issue for quality health care, these issues were not in public known. The quality at this time was very bad, which lead to the need for some type of health care reform, with hope to bring about a fracture quality of health care. Families that could obtain home medical or nursing care shunned hospitals, with this quality health care came about mostly through ghostlike order. With its deplorable conditions, hospital care in early America was more of charity and public responsibility.With all the negative attributes surrounding the hospital environment, physicians saw the need to separate patients accordin gly. This was the time the hospital was given its name. As rewarding as it may have seemed, the physicians had their own motives for wherefore they did what they did. The now transformed hospital from the simple, large-hearted institutions to the complex, technical organizations was sparked by a parallel growth of private hospital insurance. Many of the sources that shaped the hospital industry varied from health insurance to the antecedent of Medicare and Medicaid, bringing the legislative contribution to its fiscal well-being.With the increase of hospitals there also came the business of health care. The quality of health car came into question. With the hospital now becoming big business, all areas of its administration came into scrutiny. These problems began to supersede the quality of patient care. In deed without proper health care, our society would suffer a prominenter going away than it has. Proper health care is necessary for any society to thrive. Having the legal, e thical and regulatory aspects are authorised for its well being.The necessary financial systems and the impact on access to service are also required to bring about the quality as pitch. Many people may ask what proper health care is. Is there such a thing, and who would be entitle to proper health care that is a question that has yet to be answered and still debated over, create much unrest and nut house. Being the many viewpoints about health care brings about the subjectivity of its true purpose. With the evolution and ontogeny of the present complex health care system, its development has come from sources due to an evolution of vary complicated issues.The current health care system along with poor charge, has added to its history of strain development. With so much to say about the history of the now complex health care system, libraries could be built to hold its books. The early years of health care was challenged with mind sets as well s the stigma of those who needed medical attention. With the understanding of the characteristics and organization, along with the major private and governmental insurance initiatives, is an all-important(a) factor which largely contributed to the centrality of hospitals within the health care system.Being there are diverse functions in the hospital, its staff and mostly charge, add not scarce to the strain but the complexity with health care. The splendor of patient care is being compromise with quality due to the battle within the system. The relationship among staff and patents suffers greatly with the pressures that are mandate by management. With all this being said, patients have a responsibility as well to the outcome of their treatment and patient care. The patient rights are known to have been violated from the early history of patient care.As the evolution and development of the health care system grew form its noble purpose, the conglomeration of the many stakeholders has contributed to lost trust wi th all aspects of this complex system in health care. When one speaks about the quality of care in hospitals, major debates often develop based on its interpretation of what quality is, and how it should be delivered. Health care has turned into a business platform that has much concern as to its promised future of fit patient care. The question arises can quality care be given within health care reform. a great deal is said to the fact that just because one has insurance does not equate to health care access. Access to a waiting list is not health care. When patients are denied access to a doctor or practitioner then it becomes incomplete health care. With the comparison to other countries health care system, come the question, why those of us who live in a wealthy country, suffers from inadequate health care. This also is a major focus point that is being argued. Some of the cable surrounds the issues of primary care and what does it Intel along with who should provide primary c are versus specialty care.Of course it has been stated that Americans will never accept a system like they have in Canada or the U. K. Unfortunately patients become the victims of competition. Hospitals do not have patients doctors have patients, referring them to the hospital of their choosing. Many of the complex issues have evolved form misdirection of what health care, patient care, and the adequate structuring of the hospital is meant to be. Over the years of its development much has been misinterpreted as to the healthy organization of its purpose.The quality of care now provided in hospitals is so much in question that the many patients fear they will not receive the care they need. More so they are no longer view as human beings with needs, but number and dollars. These are provided some of the many reasons why there is a need for health care reform which would enforce and influence hospital economics, service patterns and provider relationships. According to an article w ritten by James Morone, The health care reforms that President Barack Obama sign into law in March 2010 had been in the making seventy-five years since Franklin D.Roosevelt. U. S . presidents has struggled to enact national health care reform unfortunately most failed. The article explored the highly charged political landscape in which Obama maneuvered and the skills he brought to bear. It contrasts his accomplishments with the experiences of his oval office predecessors. Going forward, implementation poses formidable challenges for democrats, republicans, and the political process itself (Morone 2010 1). Adding to the development and mismanagement is a process swarming with special interest that has been noted to be powered by big money.Being that the anxiety is so overwhelming with the change of adequate health care no management of reform can be administered without a deep investment. Being noted that president Obama demonstrated a care for health care reform that far exceeds his cool demeanor suggests. President Franklin D. Roosevelt knew e would not be able to get national health care insurance through congress unless he took the idea to the people first. He flirted with making health care his nest great political military campaign as World War II came to an end. A plan was being prepared by his advisers, but unfortunately he died before the end of the war.The health reform effort fell into the hands of President Harry Truman, and every subsequent president. Only until the recent victory of President Obama in the health care reform did one president succeed in their efforts to accomplish some aspect of health care. President Lyndon Johnson managed to enact major new health care programs, in the form of Medicare and Medicaid (Morone 2010. 2). The now health care reform enacted by President Obama is viewed by many, mostly democrats as a historic achievement. In provoke of the victory that is said to be in order, many still argue the factors involved.Th e comparisons of other countries are still being used to compare factors with the focus on health care systems. With physicians believing they are the ones to judge the quality of hospital medical care adds to the issues involving health care management. Among so many other components that raise the ever evolving cycle of health care management brings about major concerns. With mismanaged health care, future health care will surely suffer the cost. S often we look to solutions to fix major problems within our society, and yet we continue to add more hard to understand perplexing uncertainties than we started with.Within the health care system which dates back to the offset of what seemed to be simple compliances to health care issues, are now multiplex issues. These issues have grabbed the attention of not only the government sector, but political entities that now govern the health care industries with long terminal figureinus care being the main agenda. With health care, and ma ny factors influencing the increasing request for long term care service in the changing demographics, along with technology, major changes are being anticipated.Unfortunately it has come to a point where the increased scrutiny within the federal official official and state government sectors of the finance involving issues are before congress. The major mismanagement in health care, are real and upset concerns to most Americans, especially those who are being affected by new polices and mandates. Long-term care historically began as an in home environment with almshouses and sanitariums. subsequently the great depression and post WWI, citizens decided to run small nursing homes in order to pay mortgages and find an income source.Not until the 1950s when government grants disdain development of the nursing home sector, did the boom in the industry occurred. The next large impact in long term care would come in the 1960s with the advent of Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements (Su ltz and Young, 2011). Long term care is rally a term that defines a wide array of go, within, but not limited to virtuoso(prenominal) nursing facilities, nursing homes, continual care, assisted living, home health hospice, respite care, and others are termed long term care.This allows the industry to respond to the individuals needs of the person requiring the function and match their direct of independence or dependence with an environment most suitable conducive to their potential (Sultz and Young 2011). With the future goal of long term care being to reduce waste and become more efficient in order to provide quality care and incentives for operational responsibility, and customer service, there must be available the push to move the market forward.There are still many barriers that we face before this end is met, before we can compare and contrast the past history of long term health care, which of course will be a challenge that hopefully will take us into a future health ca re system that will provide all the necessary amenities that will produce the ideal health care system desired. Knowing that is far from coming, all we can do is promote the best possible manage care without the barriers that have existed. With retrospect to the similarities of Canada and the United States, the two countries had similar health care systems.However, since passage of the Canada Health Act in the 1970s, that nations health statistics have become increasingly superior. Canadas health care system costs are higher by international standards, hey are much lower than U. S. cost. The factors most likely to be responsible for Canadas give health care at a lower cost would be universal financial coverage through a so called single remunerator features conducive to a strong primary infrastructure, and provincial autonomy under general principles set by national law (Starfield 2010).Although old enough to have become stable, Canadas health reform efforts are relatively recent. This being in contrast to the historical foots of health systems in many western alter countries. The provincially based Canadian health care system, limited private insurance, public insurance plans, practices and health centers, cost, care seeking, availability of technology, and use of service. These areas are among the more prominent features that bring Canadas health system to the front.With Canadas experiences it shows how these critical features of the health system can be achieved in the context of a federal structure with decentralized administrative control. Although Canada has achieved snap off, or what appears to be a better health level than the United States, which it has for many decades, the gap has widened overtime, following the development of the unlike provincial plans that culminated in national legislation in the early 1970s (Starfield, 2010).What this is leading to is if, the health care system continues to demonstrate gross mismanagement, and if the politi cal potential that is now existing, with the unsuccessful organizational structure it has, the inevitable outcome is more than likely to happen. The quality of future health care will suffer greatly. With so much at sake with our system of health care, the future quality of health care will be jeopardized without recourse. If reform is not properly utilise given all the information that has been provided, needed a stable health care system is only a wish.Many questions are still unanswered as to the reform necessary to provide quality patient health for the future. According to the article Health spending in the United States and the rest of the industrialize world, a cycle of unsustainable spending growth followed by fervent cost containment initiatives has been a regular feature of the health care landscape for the past half-century (Anderson, Hussey, Froger and waters, 2005). In conclusion, with health care being one of the major concerns world-wide, Americans must focus on what is best for all oppositions before us.With political as well as governmental mismanagement and the fact that so many Americans are unemployed without adequate health care insurance or health care, it poses a real threat to future stability for a stable economy as far as health care is concern. With the large amount of misunderstanding concerning the current health care system with its maligned characteristics, the future quality of health care for patients will ultimately be left to chance. Dependence on sound management for patient care is of utmost importance for a solid health care system to exist.The nobility of the once thought to be health care system, has now been affected by an aggressive political agenda which is one of the many factors involving the current failed, and complex health care system. With interference from so many stakeholders, the quality of health care is failing in major areas that is damaging to our society as a whole. Quality health care is of great importance to the existed of a well balanced society. With the openly and hidden agenda superseding quality health care, America is falling behind in a race for adequate health care for its population.As stated before, without the necessary health care, our future society will fail to exist as it does today. The source that contributes to the evolution of a very complex system poses an unfortunate future for all of us in America, without some major resolutions to its complexities. The strain that has existed thus far can not continue to exist. I believe that we can resolve most of our health care issues if we leave out much of the political agenda that has driven the chaos that we are now experiencing with health care. subsequently complete examination and comparison with the quality of other industrialised nations, much could be accomplished her in the U. S. This would keep in line all citizens quality health care and possible a peace of mind. With political handedness no longer a major factor command the health care reform or its organizational structure a future health care system has a greater chance of existing. Minimizing the try so that the future system will not be jeopardized as it has been. A stable health care system can be positive with less problematic issues.Patient care can be of a higher quality, access can be attainable, and auction pitch possible. The respect of a noble health care system will truly exist one day. References Christensen, C. M. , Bohmer, R. , and Kenagy, J. (2000). Will disruptive innovations cure health care? Harvard Business Review, p. 1-10. Retrieved from EBSCO database Genard F. Anderson, Peter S. Hussy, Bianca K. Frogner and Hugh R. amnionic fluid (2005). Health spending in the United States and the rest of the modify world Health Affairs, 24. No 4 (2005) 903-914 doi 10. 377/hlthaff. 24. 4. 903 Henry, M. S. (2006). Uncertainty, responsibility, and the evolution of the physician/patient relationship. journal of Med ical Ethics, 32(6) 321-323 doi 10. 1136/jme 2005. 013 987 Morone, J. A. (2010) Presidents and health reform From Franklin D. Roosevelt to Barack Obama. Health Affairs, 29(6), 1096-1100. Retrieved from the proQuest database. Starfield, B. (2010). Reinventing primary care Lessons from Canada for the United States. Health Affairs, 29(5), 1030-1036, Retrieved from the proQuest database.Sultz, H. and Young, K. (2011). Health care USA Understanding its organization and delivery (7th ed. ). Sudbury, MA Jones & Bartlett. . The Complexities of the Health Care System and its Future With all that is before us as a society of human beings, health care is far reaching and of the highest attribute next to our existence. Without proper health care life becomes a hollow existence. We push through each day with painful thoughts about life, or what we think we know about it. While we focus on negative feelings of weakness and doom, wishing for better days.Always hoping for a peace that we know will n ever come in this life without our health. Health care is something everyone is not privilege to have. Billions of people around the world are suffering prevalent from lack of proper health care. Unfortunately many have no idea what it is to be healthy, or what it feels like to feel good. They have no idea they are sick, all they know is that they exist. To be numb is what they know, how unfortunate. Here in America, most people know what it is to have a feeling of health, to feel good, mentally, physically and to some extent spiritually.With the existing health care system many are feeling the pains of being sick, no longer able to exist with that feel good spirit. Suffering is becoming the norm, filled with depression more often than not because of their failing health. Not being able to afford adequate health care, which is now far out of their reach, mainly because they can not afford it. They no longer have the health coverage they once had, now having to rely on aide and assi stance that is not guaranteed. Their existence is now in the hands of the politicians, government agencies and advocates who now speak for them.We are slowly losing because of the quality of health care that has become a commodity for those who can afford it. Unfortunately everyone is not always entitled to life saving health care with the current system of health care. Can that person who is mentally ill walking the street get adequate health care? What about the homeless person without a place to lay their head at night. Where has quality health care gone, or did we ever really have it? Is there any hope for our future health care system?Although the hospital is of the most appreciated and unfortunately the most maligned and least understood institution in the U. S. society, with great regret, the present complexities of the United States health care system will unfortunately and inevitably affect the quality of future health care While the hospital and health care system is one t hat is very much needed, the maligned and misunderstanding interferes with its nobility. How is it that we live in the 21 century, and have major misunderstanding which we are experiencing within our health care system here in the United State?With all the stakeholders within the U. S. health care industry, it is no wonder we are now facing the complex dilemma in our current health care system. Due to the benchmark developments in U. S. health care, we are now at a standstill with problematic issues. The major influences with the advances and other changes are factors causing the complexities we are facing. With the legislative, political, economical, as well as organizational and professional influences, the once noble altitude of the health care industry is now compromised greatly.Unfortunately the ill effects of medical education, technological advances, with rising cost along with changing population demographics, the American values are now being affected. Our major health car e institutions medical schools, groups of specialist physicians, general hospitals, and research organizations have together overshot the level of patients care actually needed or used by the vast majority of patients (Christensen, Bohmer, and Kenagy 2000). Our nation spends over 17% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health care, but does not have the quality of other compared nations no where near that number.Looking back at the history of health care, the puzzling affects of the present out come is all but shocking to most Americans (Sultz, and Young, 2011). Being a $2. 5 trillion dollar industry, medical care is becoming inaccessible for many Americans. What has caused this industry to skyrocket is more so due much to independent medical practices and partnership with provider organization, public and nonprofit institutions such as hospitals, nursing homes and other specialized care facilities along with major private corporations.Dating back to the early American hospita ls, they served a different purpose from those of todays hospitals. Sheltering older adults, the dying, orphans, and vagrants, there purpose was to protect the inhabitants of its community from the contagiously sick and the dangerously insane. It seems there has always been a strained relationship betwixt patients and the hospital, and hospital personnel. The need for information, comfort, and human contact is and has been a common complaint which is rooted in the overall history of medical care.With so much with its history, health care grew from a basket of issues which has now blossomed into what we see today as complex, from doctors and patients, to a personnel of nurses, aides, technicians, and the therapists, along with other hospital staff. With all this complexity and chaos, the once noble attributes of the health care profession has lost most of its qualities to misunderstandings and purpose. Malpractice is not an unknown word to the American public, and it is fundamentall y correlated to a failure on the part of the physician. Malpractice is just one element that indicates patient mistrust in physician disclosure.Patients have turned to other sources and taken more responsibility upon themselves because of prove or fear that their physician is giving them incomplete information, resulting in an increased number of second opinions being sought and increased referencing of secondary sources. Patient responsibility has increased because of physician failure to disclose the inherent misunderstanding of uncertainty on the part of the patient (Henry, 2006) While quality health care is of great importance to our society, the problems within the health care system, unfortunately supersedes the quality for patient care.Is the problem within the health care system which is something that can be resolved, or will it being unsolvable for any administration to fix. Quality health care has been interrupted for reasons that baffle most Americans. Not being able to understand the any reason we as a country can not work this major issue with health care to some balance. Since the government stepped into health care, the door has been left open for many other mandates to enter. In spite of the history of the hospital, the need for quality care has been paramount, dating as far back as the early 19th century.Hospitals were noted for being disgraceful, dirty, unventilated, and the lack of medical care was a real issue for quality health care, these issues were not publicly known. The quality at this time was very bad, which lead to the need for some type of health care reform, with hope to bring about a better quality of health care. Families that could obtain home medical or nursing care shunned hospitals, with this quality health care came about mostly through unearthly order. With its deplorable conditions, hospital care in early America was more of charity and public responsibility.With all the negative attributes surrounding the hospital en vironment, physicians saw the need to separate patients accordingly. This was the time the hospital was given its name. As rewarding as it may have seemed, the physicians had their own motives for why they did what they did. The now transformed hospital from the simple, appealing institutions to the complex, technical organizations was sparked by a parallel growth of private hospital insurance. Many of the sources that shaped the hospital industry varied from health insurance to the beginning of Medicare and Medicaid, bringing the legislative contribution to its fiscal well-being.With the increase of hospitals there also came the business of health care. The quality of health car came into question. With the hospital now becoming big business, all areas of its administration came into scrutiny. These problems began to supersede the quality of patient care. In deed without proper health care, our society would suffer a greater loss than it has. Proper health care is necessary for an y society to thrive. Having the legal, ethical and regulatory aspects are important for its well being.The necessary financial systems and the impact on access to service are also required to bring about the quality as delivery. Many people may ask what proper health care is. Is there such a thing, and who would be entitle to proper health care that is a question that has yet to be answered and still debated over, causing much unrest and chaos. Being the many viewpoints about health care brings about the subjectivity of its true purpose. With the evolution and development of the present complex health care system, its development has come from sources due to an evolution of vary complicated issues.The current health care system along with poor management, has added to its history of strained development. With so much to say about the history of the now complex health care system, libraries could be built to hold its books. The early years of health care was challenged with mind sets as well s the stigma of those who needed medical attention. With the understanding of the characteristics and organization, along with the major private and governmental insurance initiatives, is an important factor which largely contributed to the centrality of hospitals within the health care system.Being there are diverse functions in the hospital, its staff and mostly management, add not only to the strain but the complexity with health care. The importance of patient care is being compromise with quality due to the battle within the system. The relationship in the midst of staff and patents suffers greatly with the pressures that are mandate by management. With all this being said, patients have a responsibility as well to the outcome of their treatment and patient care. The patient rights are known to have been violated from the early history of patient care.As the evolution and development of the health care system grew form its noble purpose, the conglomeration of the many stakeholders has contributed to lost trust with all aspects of this complex system in health care. When one speaks about the quality of care in hospitals, major debates often develop based on its interpretation of what quality is, and how it should be delivered. Health care has turned into a business platform that has much concern as to its promised future of adequate patient care. The question arises can quality care be given within health care reform. a lot is said to the fact that just because one has insurance does not equate to health care access. Access to a waiting list is not health care. When patients are denied access to a doctor or practitioner then it becomes incomplete health care. With the comparison to other countries health care system, come the question, why those of us who live in a wealthy country, suffers from inadequate health care. This also is a major focus point that is being argued. Some of the credit line surrounds the issues of primary care and what does it Intel along with who should provide primary care versus specialty care.Of course it has been stated that Americans will never accept a system like they have in Canada or the U. K. Unfortunately patients become the victims of competition. Hospitals do not have patients doctors have patients, referring them to the hospital of their choosing. Many of the complex issues have evolved form mismanagement of what health care, patient care, and the adequate structuring of the hospital is meant to be. Over the years of its development much has been misinterpreted as to the healthy organization of its purpose.The quality of care now provided in hospitals is so much in question that the many patients fear they will not receive the care they need. More so they are no longer view as human beings with needs, but number and dollars. These are only some of the many reasons why there is a need for health care reform which would enforce and influence hospital economics, service patterns and provid er relationships. According to an article written by James Morone, The health care reforms that President Barack Obama subscribe into law in March 2010 had been in the making seventy-five years since Franklin D.Roosevelt. U. S . presidents has struggled to enact national health care reform unfortunately most failed. The article explored the highly charged political landscape in which Obama maneuvered and the skills he brought to bear. It contrasts his accomplishments with the experiences of his oval office predecessors. Going forward, implementation poses formidable challenges for democrats, republicans, and the political process itself (Morone 2010 1). Adding to the development and mismanagement is a process swarming with special interest that has been noted to be powered by big money.Being that the anxiety is so overwhelming with the data formatting of adequate health care no management of reform can be administered without a deep investment. Being noted that president Obama demo nstrated a care for health care reform that far exceeds his cool demeanor suggests. President Franklin D. Roosevelt knew e would not be able to get national health care insurance through congress unless he took the idea to the people first. He flirted with making health care his nest great political exertion as World War II came to an end. A plan was being prepared by his advisers, but unfortunately he died before the end of the war.The health reform effort fell into the hands of President Harry Truman, and every subsequent president. Only until the recent victory of President Obama in the health care reform did one president succeed in their efforts to accomplish some aspect of health care. President Lyndon Johnson managed to enact major new health care programs, in the form of Medicare and Medicaid (Morone 2010. 2). The now health care reform enacted by President Obama is viewed by many, mostly democrats as a historic achievement. In spite of the victory that is said to be in ord er, many still argue the factors involved.The comparisons of other countries are still being used to compare factors with the focus on health care systems. With physicians believing they are the ones to judge the quality of hospital medical care adds to the issues involving health care management. Among so many other components that nourish the ever evolving cycle of health care management brings about major concerns. With mismanaged health care, future health care will surely suffer the cost. S often we look to solutions to fix major problems within our society, and yet we continue to add more hard to understand perplexing uncertainties than we started with.Within the health care system which dates back to the beginning of what seemed to be simple compliances to health care issues, are now multiplex issues. These issues have grabbed the attention of not only the government sector, but political entities that now govern the health care industries with long term care being the main agenda. With health care, and many factors influencing the increasing look at for long term care service in the changing demographics, along with technology, major changes are being anticipated.Unfortunately it has come to a point where the increased scrutiny within the federal and state government sectors of the finance involving issues are before congress. The major mismanagement in health care, are real and trouble concerns to most Americans, especially those who are being affected by new polices and mandates. Long-term care historically began as an in home environment with almshouses and sanitariums. After the great depression and post WWI, citizens decided to run small nursing homes in order to pay mortgages and find an income source.Not until the 1950s when government grants jilted development of the nursing home sector, did the boom in the industry occurred. The next large impact in long term care would come in the 1960s with the advent of Medicare and Medicaid reimburseme nts (Sultz and Young, 2011). Long term care is rally a term that defines a wide array of services, within, but not limited to practiced nursing facilities, nursing homes, continual care, assisted living, home health hospice, respite care, and others are termed long term care.This allows the industry to respond to the individuals needs of the person requiring the services and match their level of independence or dependence with an environment most suitable conducive to their potential (Sultz and Young 2011). With the future goal of long term care being to reduce waste and become more efficient in order to provide quality care and incentives for operational responsibility, and customer service, there must be available the push to move the market forward.There are still many barriers that we face before this end is met, before we can compare and contrast the past history of long term health care, which of course will be a challenge that hopefully will take us into a future health care system that will provide all the necessary amenities that will produce the ideal health care system desired. Knowing that is far from coming, all we can do is promote the best possible manage care without the barriers that have existed. With retrospect to the similarities of Canada and the United States, the two countries had similar health care systems.However, since passage of the Canada Health Act in the 1970s, that nations health statistics have become increasingly superior. Canadas health care system costs are higher by international standards, hey are much lower than U. S. cost. The factors most likely to be responsible for Canadas better health care at a lower cost would be universal financial coverage through a so called single payer features conducive to a strong primary infrastructure, and provincial autonomy under general principles set by national law (Starfield 2010).Although old enough to have become stable, Canadas health reform efforts are relatively recent. This be ing in contrast to the historical foots of health systems in many western industrialized countries. The provincially based Canadian health care system, limited private insurance, public insurance plans, practices and health centers, cost, care seeking, availability of technology, and use of service. These areas are among the more prominent features that bring Canadas health system to the front.With Canadas experiences it shows how these critical features of the health system can be achieved in the context of a federal structure with decentralized administrative control. Although Canada has achieved better, or what appears to be a better health level than the United States, which it has for many decades, the gap has widened overtime, following the development of the different provincial plans that culminated in national legislation in the early 1970s (Starfield, 2010).What this is leading to is if, the health care system continues to demonstrate gross mismanagement, and if the politi cal dominance that is now existing, with the unsuccessful organizational structure it has, the inevitable outcome is more than likely to happen. The quality of future health care will suffer greatly. With so much at sake with our system of health care, the future quality of health care will be jeopardized without recourse. If reform is not properly enforced given all the information that has been provided, needed a stable health care system is only a wish.Many questions are still unanswered as to the reform necessary to provide quality patient health for the future. According to the article Health spending in the United States and the rest of the industrialized world, a cycle of unsustainable spending growth followed by fervent cost containment initiatives has been a regular feature of the health care landscape for the past half-century (Anderson, Hussey, Froger and waters, 2005). In conclusion, with health care being one of the major concerns world-wide, Americans must focus on wh at is best for all oppositions before us.With political as well as governmental mismanagement and the fact that so many Americans are unemployed without adequate health care insurance or health care, it poses a real threat to future stability for a stable economy as far as health care is concern. With the large amount of misunderstanding concerning the current health care system with its maligned characteristics, the future quality of health care for patients will ultimately be left to chance. Dependence on sound management for patient care is of utmost importance for a solid health care system to exist.The nobility of the once thought to be health care system, has now been affected by an aggressive political agenda which is one of the many factors involving the current failed, and complex health care system. With interference from so many stakeholders, the quality of health care is failing in major areas that is damaging to our society as a whole. Quality health care is of great im portance to the existed of a well balanced society. With the openly and hidden agenda superseding quality health care, America is falling behind in a race for adequate health care for its population.As stated before, without the necessary health care, our future society will fail to exist as it does today. The source that contributes to the evolution of a very complex system poses an unfortunate future for all of us in America, without some major resolutions to its complexities. The strain that has existed thus far can not continue to exist. I believe that we can resolve most of our health care issues if we leave out much of the political agenda that has driven the chaos that we are now experiencing with health care.After complete examination and comparison with the quality of other industrialized nations, much could be accomplished her in the U. S. This would crack all citizens quality health care and possible a peace of mind. With political dominance no longer a major factor con trol the health care reform or its organizational structure a future health care system has a greater chance of existing. Minimizing the risk of infection so that the future system will not be jeopardized as it has been. A stable health care system can be substantial with less problematic issues. Patient care can be of a higher quality, access can be attainable, and delivery possible.The respect of a noble health care system will truly exist one day. References Christensen, C. M. , Bohmer, R. , and Kenagy, J. (2000). Will disruptive innovations cure health care? Harvard Business Review, p. 1-10. Retrieved from EBSCO database Genard F. Anderson, Peter S. Hussy, Bianca K. Frogner and Hugh R. water (2005). Health spending in the United States and the rest of the industrialized world Health Affairs, 24. No 4 (2005) 903-914 doi 10. 1377/hlthaff. 24. 4. 903 Henry, M. S. (2006). Uncertainty, responsibility, and the evolution of the physician/patient relationship. diary of Medical Ethics , 32(6) 321-323 doi 10. 1136/jme 2005. 013 987 Morone, J. A. (2010) Presidents and health reform From Franklin D. Roosevelt to Barack Obama. Health Affairs, 29(6), 1096-1100. Retrieved from the proQuest database. Starfield, B. (2010). Reinventing primary care Lessons from Canada for the United States. Health Affairs, 29(5), 1030-1036, Retrieved from the proQuest database. Sultz, H. and Young, K. (2011). Health care USA Understanding its organization and delivery (7th ed. ). Sudbury, MA Jones & Bartlett. .

Leadership Style Essay

Manama Logistics Company (MLC) has hired you to supervise the companys incite from downtown Manama to Isa Town. It is expected that there forget be some discontentment amongst staff (as listed in the case study) It is important that you understand the different types of leadership styles, and set what would be the best styles for you to make use of in the situations outlined in the case study. It is important to remember that different styles be necessary for different situations. Leadership issues atomic number 18 often influenced by behaviour patterns.People (supervisors and workers) generally display behaviours that are aggressive, passive or assertive. Research these three behaviours so you understand the traits of each and provide describe how they relate to supervision and leadership issues. In your report to the Board describe the leadership styles you have chosen and give justification for them. You will neediness to identify more than one style, and give examples o f when each is appropriate to use. There are four main leadership styles, and several other recognised styles. aim with your tutor if you are not sure if you have identified the main styles. You need to identify these four main styles and one other relevant leadership method, so you have a deeper understanding of leadership behaviours in various situations, and identify what is effective and what is not and why. Use APA referencing and in-text referencing throughout your progress Report. For your first Progress Report1. portion A as a groupDescribe the following behavioursa. Aggressiveb. Passivec. AssertiveGive examples of how people display these behaviours overwhelm words, attitudes and non verbal personate language. Identify and research the four main leadership styles* describe what each style is.* explain generaly what type of situation it is appropriate to use them * describe the advantages and disadvantages of each style * give examples from the case study of when each one might be appropriatePART B Individual Contribution(20 marks) save up virtually 300 500 words looking at different leadership styles.Define two different leadership styles, (other than the four identified preceding above).(10 marks /5 each)Give 5 advantages and 5 disadvantages for using both of these leadership styles. (10 marks /1 each)TURNITIN SUBMISSIONYou must submit only peerless copy of the group progress report (Chairperson may do this and include their psyche contribution with the group report). Other group members need to submit their individual contribution via Moodle, using Turnitin by 2359 hours on Saturday 21 September. You will need to use your own words in your report to ascertain you do not exceed the permitted 30% of copied material. Please note if you dont reference your resources, you will get a 0% for your progress report.PART C Individual Forum PostingEach student is required to submit a forum posting once per module. The timing, completion and qualit y of these postings will contribute to 15% of your individual assessment.Posting 1 due to be completed by Thursday 12 September before 2.00pm.(17 marks) Write around 300 400 words covering* which behaviour you think is the best communication style to use if you were the supervisor for Manama Logistics Company. Justify why.* look up and explain one additional style other than the three (assertive, aggressive, passive) already mentioned* Complete the Hot Potatoes exercise on Moodle-Marking Schedule for Problem unrivalled Leadership StylesGroup Name .. Each Progress Report is marked out of 100% contributing to a total weighting of 35% of the last-place mark. Progress Report 1 Group Protocols and Leadership Styles Team protocols completed and signed by all members of the team Ensure a group look up with ID and names of all group members is included. 4 Behaviours aggressive, passive, and assertive are defined 3 marks each behav 9 Examples of how behaviours are displayed are expl ained (including words, attitudes and nonverbal body language 3 marks each behav 9 Four leadership styles are described in detail. 4 marks each style 16 Describe where it is generally appropriate to use the 4 leadership styles eg military 3 marks each style 12 Advantages of 4 leadership styles are discussed 2 marks ea 8 Disadvantages of 4 leadership styles are discussed 2 marks ea 8 What leadership style does your group recommend they use for the move to overcome staff resistance to the change use the 7 case study examples (traffic issues, further to travel, new training requirements etc) and the leadership style your group recommends 2 marks ea 14 GROUP TOTAL 80 *All Individual contributions are handed in and are relevant and comprehensive as per bell ringer guide. 20 + * See Below Total 100 = * See BelowCommentsNAME*GROUP TOTAL+*INDIVIDUAL TOTAL= /100