Kraft Foods Essay Example for Free

kraft paper Foods Essaykraft paper Foods is an extremely tumefy recognized brand that provides a extensive array of food and beverage products with the ultimate goal to give out newton Americas best food and beverage company ( kraft, 2014). Critical compendium of Kraft Foods legation, mess and determine deferments revealed some necessary changes to enhance governing bodyal success.Kraft Foods leave become the top in their industry by move to develop and sell products tailored to their consumers needs/demands. Assisting consumers to make healthy life choices is part of their dedication to stakeholders. Through incentives and rewards employees will remain dedicated, motivated and have gazump in Kraft Foods products thereby increasing financial growth.Kraft Foods understands that contributing to the community is essential for lasting success. Actively protecting natural resources will desert a huge footprint and legacy for Kraft Foods.Kraft Foods mission recital is v ery generic and broad in nature. By narrowing and management this goal they will guarantee their future success. The vision and set statements be well written and invoke memories and emotions from their stakeholders thereby drawing them to Kraft Foods. IntroductionSince its organization in 1903 Kraft Foods has become a well respected household name (Kraft Foods, 2014). Over the last century Kraft Foods has bought out many of their competitors and grow their line of products, keeping them as maven of the top food and beverage companies in the nation (Kraft Foods). In order to remain flourishing and accomplish their missionit is imperative their business statements accurately reflect their vision and values. In this paper the author will discuss the mission, vision and values of Kraft Foods and how these powerful statements extend to their overall success in the industry. Mission Statement AnalysisEvery organization should present a powerful clear articulated statement as to why their organization exists (McNamara, 2009). This statement should convey to outside stakeholders the make headways of conducting business together to increase chances of financial success. Kraft Foods mission statement reads our object is to be North Americas best food and beverage company (Kraft Foods, 2014). Kraft Foods mission statement is very simple, generic and lacks sufficient depth, e finickyly given the size of the Kraft Foods organization. Mission statements should include strong powerful words that articulate and enunciate an organization, resulting in a memorable impression that remains on the forethought of all the stakeholders (Ramjee, n.d.).A mission statement is short term future goals and it is therefore imperative that organizations readdress their mission statements from metre to time (Rector, 2010). With all the health phenomenon concerns in North America it is pivotal Kraft Foods continue to reevaluate their mission and re-strategize as needed to remain o n the top of their industry and draw new clientele to their organization. The ability to use different marketing strategies, seize different opportunities will draw new stakeholders to Kraft Foods thereby ensuring mission success and financial growth. Vision Statement AnalysisAn efficient and effective vision statement is a powerful tool that paints a vivid picture while describing how an organization is leaving to accomplish their mission (McNamara, 2009). This one statement can convey power, confidence and inspire stakeholders (Change Factory, 2014). A vision statement takes into consideration an organizations market, customers, strengths and weaknesses in order to enhance themselves (Change Factory). Kraft Foods vision statement reads well get there by continuing to offer products consumers love, creating a performance-based horticulture that motivatesand excites employees and becomes the best investment in the industry (Kraft Foods, 2014).With this simple sentence Kraft Foods inspires, motivates and invokes memories from their stakeholders. Painting a vivid picture for stakeholders invokes emotions from past experiences. These memorable impressions stay with stakeholders and they are therefore more likely to support Kraft Foods. This influential statement also describes the most cherished values, services and vision of the future thereby allowing stakeholders to deposit if their personal values meet up with that of Kraft Foods future and if investment in this organization is beneficial (Crea, n.d.).Another aspect of vision statements is the ability to state realistic outcomes (Millard, 2010). Realistic outcomes are imperative as they motivate employees and help them focus on something bigger than themselves (Millard). Meeting these goals, offering products consumers love enhances dedications, motivation and pride, which will further enhance Kraft Foods success (Kraft Foods, 2014). The vision statement for Kraft Foods is well articulated, creates a visio n of the future company, invokes emotions and draws stakeholders to the organization. Values Statement AnalysisIn addition to mission and vision statements a values statement will enhance an organizations chance of future success. A values statement is the core of an organization and what values they cherish (Edmunds, 2014). It defines how employees will behave and how actions and behaviors will be evaluated (Edmunds). A values statement reveals how an organization values not only their customers, but suppliers, shareholders and stakeholders (Edmunds). At Kraft Foods their values statement reads to make a difference in communities, protect greatest resources land, air, water, people, educate and motivate to make healthful choices, food safeguard and quality, and formulateplace safety (Kraft Foods, 2014). It is essential a values statement identify and address the organizational values in a clear concise appearance so every stakeholder knows and understands what will be tolerated within the organization.The clear writing of Kraft Foods vision statement allows people to contribute to something bigger then themselves. An added benefit of a values statement is rewards and recognitions are structured around thisstatement and those employees who embrace the organizational values are identified and rewarded (Edmunds). This statement tells shareholders how the organization hires and promotes individuals and demonstrates that Kraft Foods external suppliers are in alignment with the organizations values, thus enhancing bonds of trust and respect. Alignment of Goals/Needs with Stakeholders InterestsThe mission, vision and value statements all work together to define an organization. additionally these statements need to address the goals and needs of the shareholders and stakeholders thereby insuring future investors. Through their business statements Kraft Foods specifically addressed four stakeholder needs they hope to meet. Kraft Foods addresses consumers by focu sing on quality, safe food that consumers love in their vision and values statements (Kraft Foods, 2014). Additionally Kraft Foods values statement discusses their dedication to helping North Americans make healthy food choices (Kraft Foods). Their dedication is also evident by the accumulation of healthy name brands products, such as Back to Nature granola (Kraft Foods).The values statement of Kraft Foods also addresses the organizations dedication to making a difference in the community (Kraft Foods, 2014). Kraft Foods is leaving a positive impression, huge footprints and victorious massive strides to make the world a better place with every action they take (Kraft Foods). This is apparent by their dedication to food drives aimed at fleck hunger, providing humanitarian support, building playgrounds, and planting gardens (Kraft Foods).Kraft Foods also addresses their employees, one of the biggest stakeholders, in their business statements. Employees at Kraft Foods are treated wit h respect, provided a safe work environment, and encouraged to do great things (Kraft Foods, 2014). This organization understands that success is dependent on motivated, driven and dedicated employees that take pride in their work. Additionally, through their business statements Kraft Foods is telling the outside world about their employee commitment thus developing respect from the community, industry and other stakeholders.Kraft Foods understands that in order to be successful a strong cooperate governance must be establish to help balance the needs of shareholders and stakeholders (Kraft Foods, 2014). Kraft Foods Board of Directors believe effective bodied governance provides a strong framework to assist them in upholding their fiduciary responsibilities to shareholders and promote long term success of the organization (Kraft Foods). Improvements of the Company StatementsKraft Foods is one of the largest organizations in North America and it is essential their business statement s accurately reflect their dedication and drive to succeed. Although admirable, Kraft Foods mission statement is very generic and lacks the special connection to draw stakeholders to the organization. In comparing McNamaras list of criteria for a well written mission statement Kraft Foods falls short (2009). This statement is not powerful, not memorable, does not discuss growth and profit sufficiently and does not target specific clientele (McNamara). Additionally their goals are extremely farther r each(prenominal)ing and unattainable. The mission statement needs to be more focused in order to keep stakeholders motivated and driven for success.The vision statement is well written and invokes emotions and memories from stakeholders while also being descriptive in how they will achieve success. Millard states vision statements should be clear, memorable, realistic and discuss positive outcomes (2010). Kraft Foods addresses each one of these criteria in their vision statement. This p owerful statement draws stakeholders to the organization and makes they want to be a part of the success.It is the authors opinion that Kraft Foods values statement clearly articulates the values Kraft Foods cherishes. This statement motivates people to join the Kraft Foods team and become part of something bigger. Kraft Foods is dedicated to leaving a lasting impression and legacy not only with consumers but the environment and this is clearly communicated in their values statement. ConclusionDeveloped in 1903 Kraft Foods has become one of North America top brands. Through their mission, vision and values statement Kraft Foods is able to communicate to stakeholders why the organization exists, where they are going in the future, how they will get there and their dedication to the world around them. Although some adjustments can be made to their mission statement, overall these statements are clearly written and draw stakeholders to Kraft Foods by invoking their emotions, memories a nd values.ReferencesChange Factory. (2014). The Components of a Good Vision Statement. Change Factory.Retrieved July 13, 2014 from http//www.changefactory.com.au/our-thinking/articles/thecomponents-of-a-good-vision-statement/ Crea, T. (n.d.). A Good Mission Statement. All About Leadership. Retrieved July 13, 2014 fromhttp//www.all-about-leadership.com/good-mission-statement.html Edmunds, S. (2014, may 6). What is a Value Statement? EHow. Retrieved July 12, 2014 fromhttp//www.ehow.com/about_5063071_value-statement_.html Kraft Foods. (2014). Retrieved July 12, 2014 fromhttp//www.kraftfoodsgroup.com/home/index.aspx McNamara, C. (2009). Developing a Mission Statement. Management Library Online. RetrievedJuly 12, 2014 from http//managementhelp.or/strategicplanning/mission-visiom-vales.htm Millard, S. (2010, December 7). Characteristics of Mission and Vision Statements. University ofHawaii Hilo. Retrieved July 10, 2014 fromhttp//hilo.hawaii.edu/strategicplan/documents/SPC18_10_Mission_an d_Vision.pdf Rector, B. (2010, April 18). Clear, elliptical Mission Statements. Memphis Business Journal.Retrieved July 10, 2014 fromhttp//www.bizjournals.com/memphis/stories/2010/04/19/smallb2.html Ramjee, P. (n.d.). The Important of Making a Good First Impression in Business. Chron SmallBusiness. Retrieved July 13, 2014 from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/importancemaking-good-firstimpression-business-23065.html

Language Modes Essay Example for Free

Language Modes EssayLanguage humanities is the term typic eithery used by educators to describe the political program electron orbit that includes four modes of expression listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Language arts teaching constitutes a particularly important atomic number 18a in teacher education, since listening, speaking, reading, and writing permeate the curriculum they are essential to delaying and to the demonstration of learning in every content area. Teachers are charged with guiding bookmans toward proficiency in these four dustup modes, which notify be compared and contrasted in some(prenominal) ways. Listening and speaking involve oral diction and are often referred to as primary modes since they are acquired naturally in home and community environments before children come to indoctrinate. Reading and writing, the written language modes, are acquired differently. Although children from literate environments often come to school with considera ble experience almost printed language, reading and writing are widely considered to be the schools responsibility and are formally taught.A different way of grouping the language modes is according to the treat involved in their use. Speaking and writing require constructing messages and conveying them to others finished language. Thus they are expressive modes. Listening and reading, on the other hand, are more receptive modes they involve constructing meaning from messages that come from others language. (For those who are deaf, visual and spatial language modeswatching and signingreplace oral language modes.When one considers how children learn and use language, however, all of these divisions become somewhat artificial. Whatever we label them, all modes involve communication and construction of meaning. In effective language arts teaching, several modes are usually used in each activity or set of related activities. For example, students in literature groups may read liter ature, discuss it, and hold open well-nigh it in response journals. In 1976 Walter Loban published a study of the language growth of 338 students who were observed from kindergarten through grade twelve.He found commanding correlations among the four language modes both in terms of how students developed competency in each, and of how well students ultimately used them. His study demonstrated the inter-relationships among the four language modes and influenced educators to address and more fully integrate all four of them in classrooms. Models of Language Arts Instruction Many changes in language arts commandment start taken place in American schools since 1980.To understand these changes, one must be conversant with the three basic models that have given get to variations in language arts curriculum over the years the heritage model, the competencies model, and the subroutine or student-centered model. Each model constitutes a belief system about the structure and content of instruction that leads to certain instructional approaches and methods. The heritage model, for example, reflects the belief that the purpose of language arts instruction is to transmit the values and traditions of the culture through the study of an agreed-upon body of literature.It also focuses on agreed-upon modes and genres of writing, to be mastered through guided writing experiences. The competencies model, on the other hand, emanates from the belief that the chief purpose of language arts instruction is to produce mastery of a hierarchy of language-related skills (particularly in reading and writing) in the learner. This model advocates the teaching of these skills in a predetermined sequence, for the most part through use of basal readers and graded language arts textbooks in which the instructional activities reflect this orientation.The majority of adults in this country probably experienced round-eyed level language arts instruction that was based in the competencies mo del, followed by high school English instruction that primarily reflected the heritage model. Instruction in both of these models depends heavily on the use of sequenced curricula, texts, and tests. The third model of language arts instruction, the process model, is quite different from the other two models.The curriculum is not determined by texts and tests rather, this model stresses the encouragement of language processes that lead to growth in the language competencies (both written and oral) of students, as well as exposure to extensive content. The interests and needs of the students, along with the knowledge and interests of the teacher, determine the specific curriculum. Thus reading materials, writing genres and topics, and discussion activities will vary from classroom to classroom and even from student to student within a classroom.Authentic assessment is the rule in these classrooms, that is, assessment that grows from the real language work of the students rather than from formal tests. Clearly the process model leads to more flexible and varied curriculum and instruction than the other two models. While the heritage and competencies models have come under criticism for beingness too rigid and unresponsive to student differences, the process model has been criticized as too unstructured and inconsistent to dependably give all students sufficient foot in language content and skills.In actuality, teachers of language arts generally strive to help their students develop proficiency in language use, develop intellect of their own and other cultures, and experience and practice the processes of reading and writing. Thus it seems that the three models are not mutually exclusive. They do, however, reflect different priorities and emphases, and most teachers, schools, and/or school systems align beliefs and practices primarily with one or another model. Focus on OutcomesFrom a historical perspective, marked shifts in language arts instruction have tak en place. In the early twentieth century, textbooks and assigned readings, writing assignments, and tests came to dominate the language arts curriculum. Instruction was characterized by a great deal of depth psychology of language and texts, on the theory that practice in analyzing language and drill in correct forms would lead students to improved use of language and proficiency in reading, writing, and discourse.Instruction was entirely teacher-driven literature and writing topics were selected by the teacher spelling, grammar, and penmanship were taught as distinct subjects and writing was vigorously corrected but seldom rightfully taught in the thought that composition is often taught today. In the 1980s a shift toward the process model emerged in the works of many language arts theorists and the published practices of some influential teachers including Donald Graves, Lucy M. Calkins, and Nancie Atwell.In 1987 the National Council of Teachers of English and the Modern Languag e Association sponsored a Coalition of English Associations Conference. Educational leaders from all levels came together at the conference to discuss past and present language arts teaching and to propose directions and goals to guide the teaching of language arts in the years leading up to and moving into the twenty-first century. The conference report specified the ideal outcomes of effective language arts instruction, in terms of the language knowledge, abilities, and attitudes of students.These outcomes were largely process oriented, as illustrated by the following examples of outcomes for students leaving the elementary grades, as reported by William Teale in Stories to Grow On (1989) * They will be readers and writers, individuals who find pleasure and satisfaction in reading and writing, and who make those activities an important part of their everyday lives. * They will use language to understand themselves and others and make sense of their world.As a means of reflecting o n their lives, they will engage in such activities as telling and hearing stories, reading novels and poetry, and keeping journals. Principles to guide curriculum development evolved from the conference participants agreed upon student outcomes, and, like the outcomes, the principles were broad and process-focused. For example, two of the original principles are Curriculum should evolve from a sound research knowledge base and The language arts curriculum should be learner-centered.Elaborations on these and other curriculum goals deviated from earlier recommendations in that they included classroom-based ethnographic research, or action research, as well as traditional basic research in the knowledge base that informs the teaching of language arts. There was also agreement that textbooks serve outflank as resources for activities, but that the most effective language arts curricula are not text driven rather they are created by individual teachers for variable communities of stude nts.

Introduction To Medicinal Plants Biology Essay

Introduction To Medicinal Plants Biology EssayAbout 250,000 high plant species on earth, more than 80,000 species ar reported to keep at least both(prenominal) medicative value and around 5000 species film specific sanative value.Herbs be staging a comeback and herbal renaissance is happening all over the globe. The herbal products today symbolize safety in comp ar to the synthetics that are considered as unsafe to gracious and environment. Even though herbs had been priced for their medicinal, flavoring and aromatic qualities for centuries, the synthetic products of the modern age surpassed their importance, for a while. However, the blind dependence on synthetics is over and people are returning to the herbals with hope of safety and security. Over three-quarters of the world population relies in the main on plants and plant extracts for health care. More than 30% of the entire plant species were utilise for medicinal purposes. (Joy, P.P., 2001)Herbals in world marketIt is estimated that world market for plant derived do drugss may account for rough Rs.2, 00,000 crores. Presently, Indian office is less than Rs.2000 crores. The annual production of medicinal and aromatic plants raw material is worth about Rs.200 crores. This is likely to reach US $5 one million million million by 2050. It has been estimated that in positive countries such(prenominal)(prenominal) as get together States, plant drugs constitute as oftentimes as 25% of the total drugs, while in fasting developing countries such as China and India, the contribution is as much as 80%. Thus, the economic importance of medicinal plants is much more to countries such as India than to rest of the world. (Joy, P.P., 2001)Biodiversity of herbals in IndiaIndia is one of the worlds 12 biodiversity centers with the presence of over 45000 opposite plant species. Indias diversity is UN compared ascribable to the presence of 16 different agro-climatic zones, 10 vegetation zones, 25 biotic pr ovinces and 426 biomes (habitats of specific species). Among these, about 15000-20000 plants absorb good medicinal value. However, only 7000-7500 species are utilise for their medicinal values by traditionalistic communities.In India, drugs of plant origin have been utilise in traditional formations of treats such as Unani and Ayurveda since ancient times. The Ayurveda dodging of medicament uses about 700 species, Unani 700, Siddha 600, Amchi 600 and modern medicine around 30 species. About 8,000 herbal remedies have been overwhelmd in Ayurveda. The Rig-Veda (5000 BC) has recorded 67 medicinal plants, Yajurveda 81 species, Atharvaveda (4500-2500 BC) 290 species, Charak Samhita (700 BC) and Sushrut Samhita (200 BC) had described properties and uses of 1100 and 1270 species respectively, in compounding of drugs and these are still used in the classical formulations, in the Ayurvedic musical arrangement of medicine. (Joy, P.P., 2001)Sources of medicinal drugsThe drugs are deri ved either from the strong plant or from different organs, like leaves, stem, bark, root, flower, seed, etceteratera Some drugs are prepared from excretory plant product such as gum, resins and latex. Plants, especially used in Ayurveda can provide biologically active molecules and lead structures for the development of modified derivatives with enhanced activity and /or reduced toxicity. Some important chemical intermediates needed for manu particularuring the modern drugs are also obtained from plants (Eg. -ionone).The plant in India is the principal(diosgenin, solasodine) repository of large number of medicinal and aromatic plants, which are mostly collected as raw materials for manufacture of drugs and perfumery products. The small fraction of develop plants that have so far been investigated have yielded about 120 therapeutic agents of cognise structure from about 90 species of plants. Some of the useful plant drugs include vinblastine, vincristine, taxol, podophylloto xin, camptothecin, digitoxigenin, gitoxigenin, digoxigenin, tubocurarine, morphine, codeine, aspirin, atropine, pilocarpine, capscicine, allicin, curcumin, artemisinin and ephedrine among others. (Joy, P.P., 2001)History of herbal medicineAyurveda, Siddha, Unani and Folk (tribal) medicines are the major strategys of indigenous medicines. Among these stiffs, Ayurveda is most developed and widely in effect(p) in India. Ayurveda dating back to 1500-800 BC has been an integral part of Indian culture. The term comes from the Sanskrit root Au (life) and Veda (knowledge). As the name implies it is not only the science of treatment of the ill but covers the whole gamut of happy human life involving the physical, metaphysical and the spiritual aspects. Ayurveda is gaining prominence as the natural system of health care all over the world. Today this system of medicine is being dear in countries like Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Pakistan, while the traditional system of medi cine in the other countries like Tibet, Mongolia and Thailand appear to be derived from Ayurveda. Phytomedicines are also being used change magnitudely in Western Europe. Recently the US Government has launch the Office of Alternative Medicine at the case Institute of wellness at Bethesda and its support to alternative medicine includes basic and applied research in traditional systems of medicines such as Chinese, Ayurvedic. (Joy, P.P., 2001)DisadvantagesA major lacuna in Ayurveda is the lack of drug standardization, information and quality control. Most of the Ayurvedic medicines are in the form of crude extracts which are a mixture of several(prenominal) ingredients and the active principles when isolated individually fail to give desired activity. This implies that the activity of the extract is the synergistic effect of its conglomerate components. About 121 (45 tropical and 76 subtropical) major plant drugs have been identified for which no synthetic one is currently avail able.The scientific study of traditional medicines, derivation of drugs by bio prospecting and systematic preservation of the pertain medicinal plants is of great importance.Unfortunately, much of the ancient knowledge and many valuable plants are being lost at an alarming rate. Red Data take for of India has 427 entries of endangered species of which 28 are considered extinct, 124 endangered, 81 vulnerable, 100 rare and 34 insufficiently known species (Thomas, 1997). there are basically two scientific techniques of conservation of patrimonial diversity of these plants. They are the in situ and ex situ method of conservation. (Joy, P.P., 2001)In Situ conservation of medicinal plantsIt is only in spirit that plant diversity at the transmitted, species and eco-system train can be conserved on long-term basis. (www.ggssc.net)It is necessary to conserve in distinct, representative bio geographic zones inter and intra specific genetic variation.Ex situ conservation of medicinal pl antsA. Ethno-medicinal plant gardensCreation of a mesh of regional and sub-regional ethno-medicinal plant gardens which should contain accessions of all the medicinal plants known to the various ethnic communities in different regions of India. This chain of gardens will act as regional repositories of our cultural and ethno medicinal history and embody the living traditions of our societys knowledge of medicinal plants. (www.ggssc.net)Current lieuThere are estimated to be around 50 such gardens in the country ranging from acre to 40 acres some of them were set up by an All India Health Network (AHN). More recently a network of 15 such gardens has been set up in 3 states of South India with the initiative of FRLHT. One of the gardens is fixed in TBGRI, (Tropical botanical garden research institute) Palode at Thiruvananthapuram.B. Gene banksIn India there is a large number of medicinal plant species are infra various degrees of threat. The precautionary principles would suggest that an immediate and country-wide exercise be taken up to deposit seeds of wild medicinal plants with a first priority to known Red listed species and endemic species.Current statusThe department of bio-technology, Government of India has recently taken the initiative to establish 3 gene banks in the country. One is with ICAR at the NBPGR (National Bureau of plant genetic Resources) Campus, the second base is with CIMAPs, (Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic plants) Luck now and the third with TBFRI in Thiruvananthapuram.C. Nursery networkThe most pressing and primary task in order to ensure immediate availability of plants and planting materials to various user groups is to promote a nationwide network of medicinal plant nurseries, which will multiply all the regional specific plants that are used in the current practice of traditional medicine. These nurseries should become the primary sources of planning of plants and seed material that can be subsequently multiplied b y the various users.Current statusPlanting material for 40 odd species of medicinal and aromatic plants is reportedly available in the ICAR and CSIR (CIMAP) network. In South India FRLHT (Foundation for Rural Revitalization of Local Health Tradition) has recently set up a network of 55 supply nurseries.D. Cultivation of medicinal plantsFigures projecting demand and trade in medicinal plant species globally indicate a step upwardly trend in the near future.One estimate puts the figure of world trade in medicinal plants and related products at US $ 5 trillion by A.D. 2050 (world bank report , 1996).The demand so far has been met mainly from wild sources. This cant go on for much longer policy preventive is urgently needed to encourage and facilitate investments into commercial cultivation of medicinal plants. (Joy, P.P., 2001)Cultivation of medicinal plants is inversely linked to prevalence of easy and cheap line of battle from the wild, lack of regulation in trade, cornering of th e profits from wild collection by a vast network of traders and middlemen and absence of industrys interest in providing buy-back guarantees to growers.Current statusIn the Govt. sector agro-technology of 40 odd species has been developed by ICAR Agricultural University System and CSIR (CIMAOs RRL, Jammu and Jorhat). In recent years industries like Dabur, Zandu, Indian Herbs, Arya Vaidya Shala, and Arya Vaidya Pharmacy and others have make some symbolic efforts to initiate cultivation. Since1984 NABARD (National Bank of Agricultural and Rural Development) has formulated schemes for financing cultivation and processing of medicinal plants.E. Community based enterprisesThe income generated by the traditional medicine industry benefits small section of the society. A strong case exists for promotion of community level enterprises for value addition to medicinal plants through simple, on site techniques like drying, cleaning, crushing, powdering, grading, packaging etc. This will also increase the stake of rural communities in conservation and change the skewed nature of income distribution of the industry.Current statusThree community based enterprises are known in south India, one in Gandhi gram Trust, (Dindigul), Premade development bon ton (Peer made) Kerala and the third byVGKK in B.R.Hills, Mysore.Importance of Herbal MedicinesHerbal medicines are prepared from a variety of plant material such as leaves, stems, roots, bark, etc. They usually contain many biologically active ingredients and are used mainly for treating mild or chronic ailments. (www.ggssc.net)Herbal remedies can also be purchased in the form of pills, capsules or powders, or in more concentrated liquid forms called extracts and tinctures. They can apply topically in creams or ointments, soaked into cloths and used as compresses, or applied directly to the skin as poultices.A combination therapy integrating ayurveda and allopathy whereby the side effects and undesirable reactions could be c ontrolled can be thought of. Studies can show that the toxic effects of radiations and chemotherapy in cancer treatment could be reduced by Ayurvedic medications and similarly surgical wound improve could be accelerated by Ayurvedic medicines. Modern science and technology have an essential role to play in the process.Systems of MedicineThere are mainly 3 systems of medicine practiced in the world today. They are,Modern System of medicine or AllopathyThis system was developed in the Western countries. In this system drugs (tablets, capsules, injections, refreshings etc.) are manufactured using synthetic chemicals and / or chemicals derived from natural products like plants, animals, minerals etc. This system also uses modern equipment for diagnosis, analysis, surgery etc. Medicines or drugs of this system is a lot criticized for its treatment of the symptoms rather than the cause of the disease, harmful side effects of certain drugs and for being out of reach of common / poor peo ple due to the high cost of drugs and treatment. This system is used in all the countries of the world today. (www.ggssc.net)Alternative Medicine or Traditional SystemDifferent countries of the world developed independently their own traditional systems of medicine using locally available materials like minerals and products of plants and animals. (www.ggssc.net)The World Health Organization (WHO) is giving importance to these alternate medicine systems to provide Primary Health Care to millions of people in the developing countries.Development of herbal medicineChina developed the Chinese system of medicine, which is practiced in China, Singapore, Taiwan, Japan and other countries. In India, Ayurveda (developed in North India), Siddha (developed in Tamil Nadu) and Nagarjuna (developed in Andhra Pradesh) systems of medicine were developed. Ayurveda is practiced in Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh also. Herbo-mineral is another traditional system used in India and other neighbourin g countries. Drugs (balms, oils, pills, tonics, preceding(a)e etc) are manufactured and marketed in these systems. (Joy, P.P., 2001)Advantages of traditional medicineTraditional systems of medicine continue to be widely practiced on many accounts. Population rise, inadequate supply of drugs, prohibitive cost of treatments, side effects of several allopathic drugs and development of resistance to currently used drugs for infectious diseases have led to increased emphasis on the use of plant materials as a source of medicines for a wide variety of human ailments.Folk Medicine or tribal medicineThe medicinal systems followed by various tribals of different countries are popularly known as folk or tribal medicine. In the system, the medicine man or the doctor of the tribe who has the knowledge of treating diseases, keeps this knowledge as a closely guarded secret and passes it to the undermentioned generation by word of mouth. No written texts on these systems are available and differ ent tribes follow different time tested methods. The treatment is often associated with lengthy and mystic rituals, in addition to prescription of drugs (decoctions, pastes, powders, oils, ashed materials etc.). Generally speaking, folk medicine can also be regarded as a traditional system of medicine. The basic aim of all the above systems of medicine is to alleviate the sufferings of human beings and their domesticated animals. (www.ggssc.net)Other Systems of medicineYoga, Acupressure, Acupuncture, Reiki, Magneto therapy, Pyramid therapy, Flower therapy, Homeopathy, Nature mend or Naturopathy etc. are some of the other systems of medicine practiced in different parts of the world today.Utilization of Herbal PlantsThe utility of medicinal plants has four major segments they are, Medicinal plants utilized in indigenous or traditional systems of medicines (ISM) Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy systems of medicines , OTC (over the country, non-prescription) items / products inv olving plant parts, extracts galenicals etc. , Essential oils , Phyto pharmaceuticals or plants used in modern systems of medicine. (www.ggssc.net)Medicinal plants used in Traditional Systems of MedicineAs its name implies, it is the part of tradition of each country which employs practices that have been pass on down from generation to generation. An important feature of traditional therapy is the preference of practitioner for compound prescriptions over single substance/drug as it is being held that some constituents are effective only in the presence of others.This renders assessment of efficiency and eventually identification of active principles as required in international standards much difficult than for simple preparation.In India, earlier the medicines used in indigenous systems of medicines were generally prepared by the practicing physicians by themselves, but now this practice has been largely replaced by the establishment of organized indigenous drug industries. It is estimated that at present there are more than 1, 00,000 licensed registered practitioners of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani medicine or Homeopathy. In fact reliable data on availability in different regions of country as well as supply and demand of medicinal plants used in production of indigenous medicines are not available. (www.ggssc.net)Plants-parts, extracts and galenicals of medicinal herbsThe direct utilization of plant material is not only a feature of ISM in the developing world but also in developed countries like USA, UK, Germany etc., the various herbal formulations are sold on health food shops. proviso of decoctions, tinctures, galenicals and total extracts of plants also form a part of many pharmacopoeias of the world. The current trend of medicinal plants based drug industry is to procedure standard extracts of plants as raw material. (www.ggssc.net)Essential Oils from herbal plantsThe essential oil industry was traditionally a cottage industry in India. Since 1947, a number of industrial companies have been established for large scale production of essential oils, oleoresins and perfumes. The essential oil from plants includes Ajowan oil, Eucalyptus oil, Geranium oil, Lavender oil, Palmarosa oil, Patchouli oil, Rose oil, Sandalwood oil, Turpentine oil and Vetiver oil.Phyto-pharmaceuticals of medicinal plantsDuring the past decades, bulk production of plant based drugs has become an important segment of Indian pharmaceutical industry. Some of the Phyto-pharmaceuticals which are produced in India at present include Morphine, codeine, papaverine (Papaver somniferum), quinine, quinidine, cinchonine and cinchonidine (Cinchona sp., C.calisaya, C. Hyoscine, hyoscyamine (Hyocyamus Niger and H. muticus), colchicine (Gloriosa superbad, Colchicum luteum and Iphigenia stellata), cephaeline and emetin (Cephalis ipacacuanha), sennosides A B (Cassia angustifolia and C. acutifolia), reserpine, rescinnamine, ajmalicine and ajmaline (Rauvolfia serpentina) vinbla stine and vincristine, ajmalicine (raubacine) (genus Catharan olibanum roseus) guggul lipid (Commiphora wightii) taxol (Taxus baccata) artemisinin (Artemisai annua) etc. (www.ggssc.net)Table I Represents about plants containing Therapeutic value (Joy, P.P., 2001)Plant groupsPlant speciesFamilyGeneraSpeciesThalophytes230I.MonocotsA)Liliaceae45165B)Orchidaceae45135Bryophytes39II. DicotsA)Compositae89331Pteridophytes382B)Leguminosae91313Gymnospermae55C)Ranuculaceae31208Angiospermaea)Monocotyledonesb) Dicotyledones6763495D)Laminaceae46189E)Rosaceae28146F)Umbelliferae34123G)Rubiaceae35118H)Euphorbiaceae30104Total4877I)Asclepiadaceae29101CLASSIFICATION OF HERBAL PLANTSThey are classified according to the part used, habit, habitat, therapeutic value etc, besides the usual botanical classification.Based on Therapeutic value they are classified as follows. Anti malarial Cinchona officinalis, Artemisia annua ,Anticancer Catharanthus roseus, Taxus baccata ,Antiulcer Azadirachta indica, Glyc yrrhiza glabra , Antidiabetic Catharanthus roseus, Momordica charantia , Anticholesterol Allium sativum Anti inflammatory genus Curcuma domestica, Desmodium gangeticum , Antiviral Acacia catechu Antibacterial Plumbago indica , Antifungal Allium sativum , Antiprotozoal Ailanthus sp., Cephaelis ipacacuanha , Antidiarrhoeal Psidium guava, Curcuma domestica , Hypotensive Coleus forskohlii, Alium sativum , Tranquilizing Rauvolfia serpentina , Anaesthetic Erythroxylum coca , Spasmolytic Atropa belladona, Hyoscyamus niger , Diuretic Phyllanthus niruri, Centella asiatica , Astringent Piper betel, Abrus precatorius Anthelmentic Quisqualis indica, Punica granatum , Cardio tonic Digitalis sp., Thevetia sp. Antiallergic Nandina domestica, Scutellaria baicalensis ,Hepatoprotective Silybum marianum, Andrographis paniculata. (Joy, P.P., 2001)Safety of medicinal plantsThe safety and effectiveness of alternative medicines have not be been scientifically proven and remains largely u nknown. A number of herbs are thought to be likely to cause adverse effects. Furthermore, adulteration, inappropriate formulation, or lack of understanding of plant and drug actions have led to adverse reactions that are sometimes life threatening or lethal. Proper double-blind clinical trials are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of each plant before they can be recommended for medical use. Although many consumers believe that herbal medicines are safe because they are natural, herbal medicines may act with synthetic drugs causing toxicity to the patient, may have contamination that is a safety consideration, and herbal medicines, without proven efficacy, may be used to replace medicines that have a proven efficacy. (Joy, P.P., 2001)Eg Ephedra has been known to have numerous side effects, including severe skin reactions, irritability, nervousness, dizziness, trembling, headache, insomnia, profuse perspiration, dehydration, itchy scalp and skin, vomiting, hyperthermia, i rregular heartbeat, seizures, heart attack, stroke, or death. Poisonous plants which have limited medicinal effects are often not sold in material doses in the United States or are available only to trained practitioners, these include Aconite, Arnica, Belladonna, Bryonia, Datura, Gelsemium, Henbane, Male Fern Phytolacca, Podophyllum andVeratrum. Furthermore, herbs such as Lobelia, Ephedra and Eonymus that cause nausea, sweating, and vomiting, have been traditionally prized for this action. Plants such as cumfrey and Petasites have specific toxicity due to hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid content. There are other plant medicines which require caution or can interact with other medications, including St. Johns wort and grapefruit. (Phytotherapy, www.wikipedia.com)INTRODUCTION TO DIABETES MELLITUSIn recent years, developed nations have witnessed an explosive increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) predominantly related to lifestyle changes and the resulting surge in ob esity. The metabolic consequences of prolonged hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, including accelerated atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, and blindness, pose an enormous burden on patients with diabetes mellitus and on the public health system. (Goodman Gilmans, 2006)In 1869, a German medical student, Paul Langerhans, noted that the pancreas contains two distinct groups of cells the acinar cells, which secrete digestive enzymes, and cells that are clustered in islands, or islets, which he suggested, served a second function. Direct evidence for this function came in 1889, when Minkowski and von Mering showed that pancreatectomized dogs exhibit a syndrome similar to diabetes mellitus in humans (Goodman Gilmans,2006)In the early 1900s, Gurg Zuelzer, an internist in Berlin, try to treat a dying diabetic patient with extracts of pancreas. Although the patient improved temporarily, he sank back into a coma and died when the supply of extract was exhausted. E.L. Scott, a student at the University of Chicago, made another early attempt to isolate an active principle in 1911. Using alcoholic extracts of the pancreas Scott treated several diabetic dogs with encouraging results however, he lacked see the light measures of control of blood glucose concentrations, Between 1916 and 1920, the Romanian physiologist Nicolas Paulesco found that injections of pancreatic extracts reduced urinary sugar and ketones in diabetic dogs. Although he published the results of his experiments, their significance was in full appreciated only years later. (Goodman Gilmans, 2006)Banting assumed that the islets secreted insulin but that the hormone was destroyed by proteolytic digestion prior to or during extraction. Together with Charles Best, he attempted to overcome the problem by ligating the pancreatic ducts. The acinar tissue degenerated, leaving the islets undisturbed the remaining tissue then was extracted with ethanol and acid. Banting and Best thus obtained a pancreatic ext ract that declined the concentration of blood glucose in diabetic dogs. (Goodman Gilmans, 2006)Insulin was purified and crystallized by Abel within a few years of its discovery. Sanger established the amino acid sequence of insulin in 1960, the protein was synthesized in 1963, and Hodgkin and coworkers elucidated insulins three-dimensional structure in 1972. Insulin was the hormone for which Yalow and Berson first developed the radioimmunoassay (Goodman Gilmans, 2006)Insulin regulation is achieved by the coordinated interplay of various nutrients, gastrointestinal hormones, pancreatic hormones, and autonomic neurotransmitters. Glucose, amino acids, gamyty acids, and ketone bodies promote the secretion of insulin. The islets of Langerhans are richly innervated by both adrenergic drug and cholinergic nerves. Stimulation of a2 adrenergic receptors inhibits insulin secretion, whereas b2 adrenergic receptor agonists and vagal nerve stimulation enhance release. In general, any conditi on that activates the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system (such as hypoxia, hypoglycemia, exercise, hypothermia, surgery, or severe burns) suppresses the secretion of insulin by stimulation of 2-adrenergic receptors. Predictably, 2 adrenergic receptor antagonists increase basal concentrations of insulin in plasma, and 2 adrenergic receptor antagonists decrease them. The sugar is more effective in provoking insulin secretion when taken orally than when administered intravenously because the ingestion of glucose (or food) induces the release of gastrointestinal hormones and stimulates vagal activity. Several gastrointestinal hormones promote the secretion of insulin. The most potent of these are gastrointestinal inhibitory peptide (GIP) and glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Insulin release also is stimulated by gastrin, secretin, Cholecystokinin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, and Enteroglucagon. (Goodman Gilmans, 2006) scatteringInsulin circu lates in blood as the free monomer, and its volume of distribution approximates the volume of extracellular fluid. Under fasting conditions, the pancreas secretes about 40 mg (1 unit) of insulin per hour into the entrance vein to achieve a concentration of insulin in portal blood of 2 to 4 ng/ml (50 to 100 minutes/ml) and in the circumferential circulation of 0.5 ng/ml (12 minutes/ml) or about 0.1 nM. After ingestion of a meal, there is a rapid rise in the concentration of insulin in portal blood, followed by a parallel but smaller rise in the peripheral circulation. (Goodman Gilmans, 2006)Half LifeThe half-life of insulin in plasma is about 5 to 6 minutes in normal subjects and patients with uncomplicated diabetes. This value may be increased in diabetics who develop anti-insulin antibodies. (Goodman Gilmans, 2006)MetabolismDegradation of insulin occurs primarily in liver, kidney, and muscle. About 50% of the insulin that reaches the liver via the portal vein is destroyed and n ever reaches the general circulation. Insulin is filtered by the renal glomeruli and is reabsorbed by the tubules, which also degrade it. sober impairment of renal function appears to affect the rate of disappearance of circulating insulin to a greater extent than does hepatic disease. Peripheral tissues such as fat also inactivate insulin, but this is of less significance quantitatively. The important target tissues for regulation of glucose homeostasis by insulin are liver, muscle, and fat, but insulin exerts potent regulatory effects on other cell symbols as well. Insulin is the primary hormone responsible for controlling the uptake, use, and storage of cellular nutrients. (Goodman Gilmans, 2006)Figure 1 Insulin release from -cellDIABETES MELLITUSDiabetes mellitus (DM) consists of a group of syndromes characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins and an increased risk of complications from vascular disease. Most patients can be classi fied clinically as having either example 1 or type 2 DM. Criteria for the diagnosis of DM have been proposed by several medical organizations. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria include symptoms of DM (e.g., polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained lading loss) and a random plasma glucose concentration of greater than 200 mg/dl (11.1 mM), a fasting plasma glucose concentration of greater than 126 ml/dl (7 mM), or a plasma glucose concentration of greater than 200 mg/dl (11 mM) 2 hours after the ingestion of an oral glucose loadIn the United States, about 5% to 10% of all diabetic patients have type 1 DM, with an incidence of 18 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. A similar incidence is found in the United Kingdom. The incidence of type 1 DM in Europe varies with latitude. The highest rates occur in northern Europe (Finland, 43 per 100,000) and the lowest in the south (France and Italy, 8 per 100,000). The one exception to this rule is the small island of Sardinia, close t o Italy, which has an incidence of 30 per 100,000. However, even the relatively low incidence rates of type 1 DM in southern Europe are far higher than the rates in Japan (1 per 100,000 inhabitants). There are more than one hundred twenty-five million persons with diabetes in the world today, and by 2010, this number is expected to approach 220 million. (Goodman Gilmans, 2006)Both type 1 and type 2 DM are increasing in frequency. The reason for the increase of type 1 DM is not known. The genetic basis for type 2 DM cannot change in such a short time thus other contributing factors, including increasing age, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and low birth weight, must account for this dramatic increase. In addition, type 2 DM is being diagnosed with remarkable frequency in preadolescents and adolescents. Up to 45% of newly diagnosed children and adolescents have type 2 DM. There are genetic and environmental components that affect the risk of developing either type 1 or type 2 DMTypesD iabetes can be divided into

Communication Is Vital For Human Survival English Language Essay

Communication Is Vital For Human Survival English Language Es dictateCommunications rotter be said as the most vital element for the humans life. tumesce obviously, without knowing the proper ways of communications techniques, how are we supposed to dish out or exchange thoughts, feelings, ideas, emotions or information without causing any sorts of interruption or trouble? Even animals communicate with each other in its fatten up ways In order to archive a favored communications, we have to get ourselves crystal clear in what is professional communications on the whole about. Well luckily, I am keep an eye oning Professional Communications, which is very ingrained to nonpareils life as it could take me one step closer to be a successful person.Communications must be intend to convey a depicted object. Some messages, such as poetry or quotes, may not be think to a specific party and may be simply for the enjoyment of the creator to share his messages. So there may be no int ended receiver. A message is usually both transmitted and received. The process goes like this, the transmitter conceives the message, encodes the message and selects the most qualified medium, and the receiver then decodes the message, interprets the message and sends the feed seat back to the sender. in that locationfore there will ever be a transmitter in a communication. It is important for us to convey a message in the very best medium so that the receiver will get it with ease. If you chose a bad and weak medium, the message would turn out to be a different meaning, though, it will create an unjust misunderstanding in that specific message. For example, our broadcast radio or the webcam at home, there might be a reception problem hence, whatever messages may not reach the listener properly who does not understand the messages being delivered. Therefore, we have to choose the most suitable medium such as conversation between face-to-face, e-mails or via the telephone.The a bility to communicate is special but it is often taken for granted and it is not always used to the greatest advantage. Failure to communicate a message would end up to a hectic result. Lets say the sender has wrongly conceived the message, encoded the message in a wrong tone language, and chosen the wrong medium, thus the receiver would receive the message that has been construe wrongly, and the sender will either receive the feedback interpreted wrongly as well or will not receive the feedback at allWe communicate in couple of ways, consider which medium is detach. There are two types of communication, vocal communication and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication is divided to two media of communication, oral and written communication. Oral communication, that is communication by treatment of mouth, simply means the use of speech. Some of the types of conversations of oral communication being used in society are face-to-face, telephone conversation, speeches, interview s, meetings, video conference, teleconference, voice blurt out over internet and public speaking. Oral communication can be used mostly in any circumstances. Lets say Ive been given a problem to do a presentation, in order to present a persuasive oral presentation, I would highlight the strongest points first. And I would vary the pace, speak up, use the appropriate words, stand upright, and most importantly establish eye contact with the receiver that could be a group of people or audience. Even the salesmen that are toilsome to sell the goods, they would talk confidently and keep a strong eye contact with the customers to persuade them. Written communication, which could be email, letters, reports, advertisements, facsimile, notes, minutes, articles or memos, is writing the words which we urgency to communicate. One of the main advantages of using writing communications is that we can edit the message before we send it to the receiver. Good written communications is quite esse ntial for business purposes. The most common forms of written communications are letter and office memo.Nonverbal communications is transmitting messages non verbally intentionally or unintentionally. Examples of non verbal communications are hand gestures, posture, face expressions, body language and eye contact. Non verbal communications can be done without speaking, such as pointing the finger. The sender illustrates the message by his/her body language and the receiver would get the message intended. Clothing, hairstyles and bodily characteristics can also be clarified as non verbal communications. Lets say we see a group of people wearing a same design of t-shirts, our mind will automatically tell that they are in one group that set themselves apart from others in the form of clothing. Another example, a person with tattoo on his arm could also give us the message about his/her personality traits. Non verbal can be unconscious, for instance, lets say we have come for an agreeme nt with ones statement, hence we will say yes and unconsciously we would nod our theme and smile as wellWe must be constantly alert that there are advantages and disadvantages with different methods of communications. Oral communication has its advantages of, direct medium, instant feedback from the receiver, easier to persuade, alliance of all present and instant exchange of opinions. Disadvantages of oral communication are, disputes can arise, often no written record hence cheating can breathe and difficult to control a large amount of people. Advantages of written communication are, can be edited before sending it to the receiver, can be duplicated for future day reference or evidence, can give out complex ideas and provides written record. Disadvantages of written communication are, problems with reading, difficult to modify once sent, can be dearly-won and lastly it takes time. Non verbal has its advantages of, added interactive visual, provides simulations of situations, strengthen oral communication and list out the ideas in number form. Disadvantages of non verbal communication are difficulties in interpretation without written or spoken word, can be expensive and sometimes the message will not be sent correctly.There are some barriers in communications such as, age barrier, gender, physical, emotional, language, cultural, listening, skills and stress barrier. If we want to transmit a message successfully from the sender to the receiver, we must eliminate all types of barriers. cultivation professional communications also thought me about negotiations and how to attend an interview in a professional manner. Well negotiations are basically about communications. encounter or not, we negotiate everyday for all sorts of thing. A good negotiator is one who knows when to use the negotiating styles and not one who strives to gain maximum good. We have to learn all the 4 types of negotiating styles so that we would know what to use, how to use and when to use it that depends on different circumstances. The four types of negotiating styles are, competing, which means maximum profit, minimum relationship cooperating, which means profit plus, maximum relationship withdrawing, which means zero profit, minimum relationship and lastly, compromising, which means less profit and maximum relationship. Making a big impact on the interviewer on how well we are prepared to answer the interviewer questions is one of the main things. We have to impress the interviewer that we are the right person they are looking for. In order to do that, we have to do a research on that company and get to know about the history of it, dress smartly, bring all along the certificates and have a sufficient sleep and healthy food. The delivery of ones outlook and the passion would persuade the interviewer to employ us.In conclusion, I would thank Mr. rabbit warren for teaching me the importance and the true meaning of professional communications. It will definite ly benefit not only me, but the whole bunch of students in the future.

Race and Diversity Issues at The Grammys

Race and Diversity Issues at The GrammysDiversity in The Grammys The Absence of African-American WinnersAbstractThe Grammys are an giveshow that was created by The Recording Academy, which is a U.S. organization ofmedicineians, producers, recording engineers, and other recording professionals.The demonstrates provide a Grammy, or originally called Gramoph whiz Award thatrecognizes outstanding achievement in mainly English-language music industry.The truly first Grammys held its first ceremony on May 4, 1959. The annualpresentation features live performances by almost of the most noniceable workmans,and the presenting of the awards that have charge more of a vote downular interest. TheGrammys shares recognition of the music industry alongside other performanceaward shows such as the Academy Awards, the Tony Awards, and the Emmy Awards.The representation of minorities in The Grammys, mainly African-Americans has stayed at a certain level of portrayal since the Award shows debut in 1959. The Grammys have attempted to add some potpourri to them by adding more minorities to their nominations lists and giving awards to artist that deserve them. The purpose of this study is to discuss whether or not the representation of minorities is being undermined by The Grammys nerve-racking to feed into the masses and upkeep their reputation. The time span of this focus is from 2014 to 2017, but I will also include background research to further post my findings. Previous winners of Grammy awards will be quoted in order to show the disconnection from what people think a Grammy is and what actual artists see them as.In 1958, rock n rollmade a big explosion onto the scene of music, alarming a group of executivesalong the way. The executives were conflicted as to whether to recognize goodmusic or to recognize rock n roll for its eruption into the music industry.The higher ups took it upon themselves to set a standard in the music industry.Since the very beginning, The Gr ammys have been at a difference with not onlyrock but almost every other genre of music. From R&B to street-bred music,and rap. The first ever award for rock music was not given out until 1961. Someof the best recordings have often failed to win a Grammy in the first forty years of Grammy history.Over the years, TheGrammys have been criticized by many artists and music journalists because themusicians feel that the Grammys generally award or nominate more commercializedalbums rather than those that are critically successful. In 1996, when Americanrock bar Pearl Jam won a Grammy for Best Hard Rock Performance, the bands genius singer Eddie Vedder went on stage to say I dont know what this means. Idont think it means anything. (Vedder, 2008). This goes to show how unforesightfulsome artist think of being awarded a Grammy for their accomplishments. GlenHansard, leader of the Irish rock group The Frames, commented in 2008 that hebelieves the Grammys represent nothing inside of the st rong world of music (Hansard,2008). Instead, it is completely industry based. Another quotable statementthat can be applied to this situation watchs from lead singer of metal bandTool, James Keenan. He says I think the Grammys are nothing more than somegigantic promotional machine for the music industry. They cater to a lowintellect and they feed the masses. They dont honor the arts or the artist forwhat he created. Its the music business celebrating itself. Thats fundamentallywhat its all about (Maynard, 2012).Artists such as FrankOcean, Drake and Kanye West spoke out about skipping this years Grammy Awardsto protest their lack of diversity amongst its nominees. Drake was reportedsaying The Grammys do not fairly represent black or younger artists. From lessof a statistical side, Kanye West has true 21 Grammys but has never won onewhile up against a white singer. American singer and nervous strainwriter Frank Ocean didnot even bother to submit his albums from the following year b ecause to him ItThe Grammys fair(a) doesnt seem to be representing very well for people whocome from where I come from, and hold down what I hold down (Ocean, 2017).Another case of adiversity issue with The Grammys concerns the likes of Macklemore. In 2014,Macklemore swept a Grammy from pat artist Kendrick Lamar. Rolling Stonebelieves the music industry went as far to recruit Kidz Bop to boost Macklemoreexposure to as a plan to dethrone Hip-Hop artist of the year, Kendrick Lamar. two The Heist and Good Kid, M.A.A.D City were nominatedfor Best Album of the Year in 2014. Both albums authoritative positive reviews fromcritics, but Kendrick Lamar received a 91 on Metacritic whereas Macklemore onlyreceived a 74. Once again, both albums debuted at number two on the Billboard200 chart, with Macklemore merchandising seventy-eight thousand copies and KendrickLamar selling two hundred and forty-two thousand copies. By the RIAAsstandards The Heist was recognizedas reaching Gold status, with all over five hundred thousand copies sold on April3, 2013. On August 21, 2013, Good Kid,M.A.A.D City was certified Platinum by shipping and selling one millioncopies in the United States.On December 9th,2014, American rapper J. Cole released his third studio album 2014 Forest Hills Drive. On this album,he has a song called Fire Squad where he talks about the popularity ormainstream music and white privilege. On the record, J. Cole says History repeats itself and thats just how it goesSame way that these rappers always bite each others flowsSame thing that my n**** Elvis dd=id with Rock n RollJustin Timberlake, Eminem and thenMacklemoreWhile silly n**** argue over who gon snatch the crownLook around, my n****, white people have snatched the soundThis year Ill prolly go to the awards dappered downWatch Iggy win a Grammy as I try to crack a smileThis song is his attempt to restore the balance inHip-Hop as he talks about white privilege and white appropriation of theculture. More spe cifically the Macklemore-Kendrick Lamar Grammy snub and IggyAzaleas new found popularity.The longstanding exclusion of black talent from award shows such as the Oscars and the Grammys forces the age-old question Why? Both of these organizations are handled on a voting system made up of a certain team of members. Knowing this information makes the average person enkindle in music or even the Grammys want to know who the real culprit is pulling all the strings. With ongoing backlash, the Grammys have attempted to straighten up their acts with dramatic steps to diversify its nominations and present a more accurate reflection of the industry itself.Earlier this year, at the59th Grammy Awards there was an outcry concerning who should havewon Album of the year. This outcry sparked the big debacle as to if The Grammyshave an issue in diversity with the winners of their awards. The nominees listconsisted of Adele, Beyonc, Justin Bieber, Drake, and Sturgill Simpson. Thewinner of the award t urned out to be Adele for her album 25. This was a shockto everyone, including Adele herself. This rubbed some of the fans the wrongway considering this was the eighth year since a non-white artist took home theevents biggest award. The very next day the new hashtag on Twitter was titledgrammyssowhite. At soon as this hashtag got out, storied were popping upquestioning the diversity of the voters for the awards.In 2017, Adele winningover Beyonc was not the only Grammy snub. It was just the biggest one of thenight. Barbadian singer Rihanna was nominated for eight awards off of thestrength of her eighth album anti. ANTI at the time was certified 2xplatinum by the RIAA, it peaked at number 1 on the Billboard 200 and spent 33weeks in the top 10. Sadly, she walkedaway not winning a single one out of eight nominations. Rihannas biggest upsetwas not winning the award for Best Pop Duo/group with their smash hit Work,which sold more than 1.7 million copies in the United States alone. She los tout to 21 Pilots for their song Stressed Out. Fuse wrote an article sayingthat they believe The Committee for The Grammys are just continuing to useblack women in pop to raise their own ratings without giving them therecognitions or respect they deserve within the mainly white categories.Works Cited(n.d.). Retrieved family 08, 2017, from https//web.archive.org/web/20070123082736/http//www.nyrock.com/interviews/2002/tool_int.aspTravers, P. (2008, February 08). Grammy & TheMovies. Retrieved September 08, 2017, fromhttps//www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/grammy-the-movies-20080208Times, L. A. (2008, February 06). Glen Hansard, EddieVedder crash Grammy Awards. Retrieved September 08, 2017, from https//web.archive.org/web.20130221000127/http//theenvelope.latimes.com/columnists/contenderqa/env-en-songs6feb06%2C0%2C4879961.storyHistory of Grammy Awards. (n.d.). Retrieved September08, 2017, from http//www.awardsandshows.com/features/history-of-grammy-awards-247.htmlLlopis, G. (2017, Febr uary 21). 3 Uncomfortable TruthsFrom The Grammys About Diversity And Inclusion. Retrieved September 08, 2017,from https//www.forbes.com/sites/glennllopis/2017/02/21/3-uncomfortable-truths-from-the-grammys-about-diversity-and-inclusion/1cba45f939c7Geslani, M., Kaye, B., Colburn, R., Fu, E., Farley,D., Young, A., . . . Weiss, D. (2017, January 30). Kanye West, Frank Ocean,Drake to protest Grammy Awards over lack of diversity. Retrieved September 09,2017, from https//consequenceofsound.net/2017/01/kanye-west-frank-ocean-drake-to-protest-grammy-awards-over-lack-of-diversity/Cepeda, R. (2015, February 05). Do the Grammys shoot aRace Problem? Retrieved September 10, 2017, fromhttps//www.rollingstone.com/music/features/do-the-grammys-have-a-race-problem-20150205GRAMMYs 2017 Rihanna & ANTI Suffered theBiggest Snubs of the Night. (2017, February 13.). Retrieved September 10, 2017,from http//www.fuse.tv/2017/02/rihanna -anti-grammys-2017-snubs

Population Ecology vs. Neoinstitutional Theory Essay -- Environment, E

Organization-environment dealing depict certain aras of UCSB in their entirety in which two of those theories include population ecology and neoinstitutional surmisal. Population ecology and neoinstitutional theory looks at UCSB in divergent perspectives population ecology studies organizations if they are a living or dying species whereas neoinstitutional theory highlights the organizations importance as an establishment to its field of expertise. With this, I am going to compare both, population ecology and neoinstitutional theory, in relation to the University of California Santa Barbara. I will further deal each of their strengths and weaknesses in accordance to the behavior and environment of institution, faculty, staff, and its students within this organization. Within nature, any form of species focus on selection and adaptation towards their environment to founder themselves organizations exert this idea as a metaphor to personify the organization-environment theory o f population ecology underlining any organization functions as a living or dying species. Primarily, population ecology reflects both a rationalist and naturalist perspectives. Population ecology echoes rationalist theory since power is frequently controlled by those in superior positions inside the organization (Taylor 25). Also, population ecology is natural because it denies specificity and predictability due to the organizations dependence of the fluctuation of environmental resources (Sutton 1/20/11). ultimately for any organization to adapt and change the future of the establishment, it is compulsory for workers in a dominant position to ruminate any strategies and environmental opportunities and threats (Hannan 930). Henry Yang, as UCSBs ... ...rsity. Conformity limits the organization values and appearance to which they cannot change unless the organization wishes to achieve any backlash. Overall, population ecology and neoinstitutional theory are part of organization-envi ronment relations and are applied throughout UCSB. Population ecology and neoinstitutional theory are two theories describing and affecting the organizational environment at UCSB from two perspectives the population and institutions as a whole. With population ecology, UCSB faces competition dilemmas to keep their organization from dying and additionally, neoinstitutional theory shows UCSB how to appear legitimate through conforming to societys beliefs and expectations. Although both concepts are vastly differently, they aid UCSB, as well as other organizations, to understanding the lifespan and appearance of its establishment.

Jonah: A False Prophet or a Prophet with a False God? Essay -- Religio

whammy A False Prophet or a Prophet with a False paragon?The Jonah narrative is a invention often told to children to emphasize that it is wrong to run from God and there is no way to escape from God. However as adults we see that there is more to the story. There are many ways to interpret the Jonah narrative and the character of Jonah. Readers may even read the story with an anti-Semitic view if they judge solely from their first impressions of Jonah. We see a man who flees, a man who is angry with God, and a man who pouts under a bush and wishes to die. From all this we may conclude that Jonah is selfish. If we read beyond the surface impression and pay careful attention to the narrative and Jonahs words and non just deeds, we see a more spiritual concern in Jonahs heart. He is not concerned about what citizenry think of him but what spate think of God.During Jonahs time, conditions were not very stable. Political, social, and religious disorder reigned in Israel. Syria had recently won a war and taken over Israel. The relationship between Jonahs native land and Nineveh, the capital of Syria, were strained and bursting with animosity. Israel itself was in a state of turmoil, trying to adjust to the loss of their power and independence (Winard 538).In his article Jonah The Wayward dove, Richard Stamp charges Jonah with extreme nationalism. We see a rather obnoxious man who is disobedient to God and seems to be a bigoted nationalist of the mop up kind (Stamp 80). Jonahs frustration with God shows that he would rather see the destruction of more than a hundred and twenty thousand souls than acknowledge that God lowlife be merciful to the foreigners of Nineveh. His anger over Gods mercy towards this wicked city is used to ju... ...aracteristics in all his actions. Jonah is never concerned about what people think of him but what people think of God.Works Cited Fretheim, Terence E. The Message of Jonah A Theological Commentary.Augsburg Publishing House Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1977Martin, Hugh D.D. The Prophet Jonah His Character and commission to Nineveh. The Banner of Truth Trust Highgate West Hill, London , 1958.Myers, Jacob Martin. The Book of Joel The Book of Amos The Book of Obadiah The Book of Jonah. John Knox Press Richmond, Virginia, 1959.The New Oxford Annotated Bible (NRSV)Oxford University Press, 1991.Seiden, Chaim. Why does Jonah Want to Die? Bible Review 15 June 1999 4.Stamp, Richard. Jonah The Wayward Dove The Expository Times Vol. 111 Dec.199980-82.Winward, Stephen F. A Guide to the Prophets. John Knox Press Richmond, Virginia 1969.