Critical Evaluation Of Customer Centricity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Critical Evaluation Of Customer Centricity. Answer: Introduction: The report aims at providing a critical evaluation of customer centricity. Customer centricity refers to a strategy for fundamentally aligning the services and products and services of the company with the needs and wants of the valuable customers. Being customer centric refers to the means of doing business with the customers in a manner that puts forward a customer experience for driving repeated business, profits and customer loyalty. Nowadays, various E businesses are also adopting customer centric means for the sale of their products and services. In this context, the examples of Zappos and Amazon require a prime mention on following a customer centric approach. Customer Centricity is something more than offering a genuine customer service as it involves offering greater experience from the stage of awareness through the process of purchase. The article would consider three peer-reviewed journals for establishing the prospective of customer centricity in the context of E busines s. Critical Evaluation of Customer Centricity in the Prospect of E Business According to Shah et al (2014), the customer centricity concept is not something new whose benefits are under discussion for over 50 years. There were also proposals put forward that firms should not only focus on selling the products but on the fulfillment of the customer centric needs. However, business community recently embraces the importance of the customer centric approach. According to Shah et al (2014), less than 20 percent of the marketing organizations amongst 1000 have evolved successfully for leveraging the capabilities, value added process and customer centric approach. If one goes by history, then he or she will be able to find that the firms were more products centric. The economies of the scale and scope have been central since profits were a direct reflection of the market share. Thus, the firms have been more oriented internally with much of the attention focused on the manufacture of the superior products instead of inclining towards the users and purchasers of th e products. However, revolution in the latter half of 20th century led to the introduction of some unusual improvements in the collection, storage, analysis and transmission of huge quantity of information. This led to the realization amongst the firms that put forward a greater opportunity for the firms including those with E business facilities in investing in the Information Technology (IT) for management of customer relationships. Customer RelationshipManagement (CRM) became the catchphrase that also motivated the companies in making substantial investment in various software packages related to CRM, initiatives for database marketing and infrastructure for supporting marketing that is technology driven (Fader and Peter 2012). Such firms expressed their motivation for achieving a continuous dialogue across all the touch points related to the customer along with maintaining a personalized treatment for the valuable customers. However, the real scenario was that most of the compan ies lacked the necessary customer centricity for realizing such benefits. Moreover, according to Shah et al (2014), customer centric organizations are bounded together via a central value where each decision began with anticipated opportunities and customer for benefit. However, a common norm within the customer centric organizations is that the employees act as the customer advocates. Another unique norm shapes the willingness of the individual employees for sharing information with their peers so that the organization remains in better position for meeting the needs of the customers. As per Lamberti (2013), until the 1980s the concept of customer centricity was nothing more than business philosophy or an idealized policy statement. However, the current reflection of Customer centricity represents a situation experienced by concept of marketing. The refinement and implementation of the marketing concept through analysis of the constituting elements and the antecedents represented the base for development of a theory of market orientation. For explaining the conceptualizations of the customer centricity, he regarded the concept as opposite to the concept of product centricity. The fundamental assumption for product centricity lies in seeing the company as repository of the competences and the resources for the development of products and services. Such services and products represent the basic value proposition on which the company acts for pleasing a number of customers thereby modifying the offer for meeting the expectations of the customers. Customer centricity thus focuses the attention on establishment of the mutually satisfactory relationships amongst the customers. The individual customer expresses their needs according to which the resources of the company activated for developing solutions for satisfying such needs. Presently, there has been criticism on the actual sustenance of a customer centric approach there by putting forward lesser extreme views where a resource focuses on the economic effectiveness of customer centricity. Thus, (Bonacchi and Perego 2013) states that, firms including E business do not only adopt the principles of customer centricity but they also operate in the continuum that focuses on moving from the product centricity to the customer centricity. Customer Centricity is associated with the companys capability in generating the intelligence of the customers, processing data and gathering information for building the repositories of the comprehensive data regarding the interactions between the firm and the custo mer and in supporting the modified marketing activities (West Ford and Ibrahim 2015). The concept of customer centricity also actively involves the customers in the innovation and the marketing process thereby co creating a value with the same. In addition to this, customer centricity helps in shifting the focus from service offered towards a newer customer experience for creating the value in a manner that remains related to the customers. According to Kamble (2012), Customers remains the most important assets for an organization. In order to ensure continuity of business and become competitive, there is a need for development of customer centric approach that touches all the points of customer interaction. The approach of customer centricity helps organization in acquiring, retaining and growing their customer base. The key element of a customer centric approach remains in being sensitive to the needs of the clients and the proactive approach in interacting with the clients.Effective management of the customer needs acts as vital differentiator for todays businesses. Companies are also changing on how they are marketing the products for better satisfying the needs of the customers. Traditional marketing has also become less effective and more expensive with time. Companies are making use of the internet for entering into dialogue with the customers. With the emergence of the internet, it has become possible in gaining permission for discussion of products. Nowadays, internet provides the platform for research, advertising, sales, promotions and customer support. Eventually the companies focus on the development of relationships with the customers that will allow them continuous re supply. Deploying the customer centric approach into E business framework requires careful understanding of the framework (Richardson, James and Kelley 2015). Customer centricity refers to the streamlining of the objectives of the firms for catering them towards the customers. In such a scenario, for the success of the E business framework it is necessary to follow a holistic approach in dealing with the customers. The E business must however consider that the customers represent an important asset for the company therefore; it must align all its business activities for serving the customers in an effective manner. There are various activities related to the customers that surround the framework for E business. This involves, understanding the value proposition of the customers, modified business offerings for customer, ensuring the building of customer understanding for each interaction, building the advisory relationships, analysis of the wants and needs of the customers, deployment of a c ustomer centric virtual framework and delivery of effective and prompt service. Conclusion: To conclude, it can be said that customer centricity represents an indefinable goal for most organizations. However, organizations have managed in successfully traversing the path of customer centricity that has helped in reaping richer rewards in the form of the loyal customers and financial performance. Customer centricity enables the firms in achieving a sustainable competitive advantage not countered easily through competition. Thus, customer centricity happens to be an essential condition for the firms of the 21st century thereby helping them to do well in the market place. References: Bedarkar, M., Pandita, D., Agarwal, R. and Saini, R., 2016. Examining the impact of organizational culture on customer centricity in organizations: An analysis.Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management,9(2), pp.19-28. Bonacchi, M. and Perego, P., 2013. Improving profitability with customer?centric strategies: the case of a mobile content provider.Strategic Change,20(7?8), pp.253-267. Fader and Peter,. 2012. Customer centricity: Focus on the right customers for strategic advantage. Wharton digital press Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E. eds., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Kamble, A., 2012. Aligning Customer-centric Approach to E-commerce Framework. Kilara, T. and Rhyne, E., 2014. Customer-Centricity for Financial Inclusion. Lamberti, L., 2013. Customer centricity: the construct and the operational antecedents.Journal of Strategic marketing,21(7), pp.588-612. Loshin, D. and Reifer, A., 2013.Using information to develop a culture of customer centricity: customer centricity, analytics, and information utilization. Elsevier. Mohapatra, S., 2013. E-commerce Strategy. InE-Commerce Strategy(pp. 155-171). Springer, Boston, MA. Richardson, N., James, J. and Kelley, N., 2015.Customer-centric Marketing: Supporting Sustainability in the Digital Age. Kogan Page Publishers. Shah, D., Rust, R.T., Parasuraman, A., Staelin, R. and Day, G.S., 2014. The path to customer centricity.Journal of service research,9(2), pp.113-124. West, D.C., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015.Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press, USA.

Toni MorrisonS Essay Recitatif Essays - Recitatif,

Toni Morrison'S Essay ?Recitatif? Mark Sommers Feldman 11/27/99 Recitatif Toni Morrison's essay, ?Recitatif? is about two girls, Twyla and Roberta, who grow up in an orphanage because their mothers could not properly care for them. The underlying theme in ?Recitatif? deals with racism. An interesting twist is the mystery of the girls' race. Leaving clues, but never stating whether Twyla or Roberta was black or white, Morrison makes it clear that the girls come from different ethnic backgrounds. At one point in the essay Twyla comments, ?that we looked like salt and pepper.? Due to the fact that the story is told in the first person, it seems natural for the reader to associate Twyla with himself/herself. ?Recitatif? proves to be a noteworthy experiment, ?toying? with the reader's emotions and effectively noting stereotypical races and their characteristics. Morrison never states the race of the girls for a purpose: to make the reader form his/her own opinion. The story begins with Twyla's mother dropping her off at the orphanage. There she met Roberta, who became her best friend, bonding because they were not real orphans with ?beautiful dead parents in the sky.? Instead of being ?real? orphans, they were just abandoned kids whose mother's did not want them. Although the girls had few friends, their lives did not lack adventure. For example, they enjoyed spying on the big girls who liked to smoke and dance, and sadly got a laugh out of yelling mean things at Maggie, the woman who couldn't defend herself because she was mute. One of the last times the girls saw each other in the orphanage was the day of the picnic. Shortly after the picnic Roberta's mother came to take her home, marking the first small fracture in their friendship. The next time they saw each other was years later in the restaurant that Twyla worked. Roberta acts coldly towards Roberta partly because she was high off of drugs, on her way to see a Jimi Hendrix concert. Twyla was deeply offended that her former best friend would treat her so badly. Twelve years later they meet again at a grocery store. Roberta married a rich man and was now called Mrs. Benson; she was dressed in dimonds and talked much nicer to Twyla. By this time, Twyla has one child and Roberta has four. Strangely, Roberta acts extremely friendly, like she has met her long lost best friend. Twyla can't hold back her emotions and questions Roberta about their last encounter at the restaurant. Roberta shrugs it off, ?Oh, Twyla, you know how it was in those days: black?white. You know how everything was.? A friendly goodbye and the women go their own separate ways again. The third time they meet is at the school where Roberta's kids attend. Roberta and the other mothers were picke ting because they didn't want their kids to be segregated. This led to a fight that would be not resolved until Twyla and Roberta meet for a final time, severing any last chance of friendship for the women. The problem lies inside the hearts of two special women, two childhood friends, and two different races. ?Recitatif? challenges the reader to not be judgmental toward of the either girls and accept their color. Morrison gives clues to encourage the reader to make assumptions about the girls' race. From the beginning the author asserts that one girl is black and one is white, but not which is which. There are many instances that Morrison uses things that are stereotypically ?black? or ?white,? almost begging one to infer the race of each girl. Although there is no answer to the mystery, what one decides for himself/herself says something about his/her own ethnic background. Morrison thrives off the stereotypes people have set for blacks and whites. For example, Twyla's mother told her that ?those? people smelled funny because they didn't wash their hair. This might suggest that Roberta was black because many black people don't wash their hair often. On the other hand she could have been talking about the orphans not bathing properly which could cause them to smell ?funny.? Everything seems to be a gray area. On the night of the picnic when her mother came to visit, Twyla was embarrassed because

3 Cases of Superfluous Wording

3 Cases of Superfluous Wording 3 Cases of Superfluous Wording 3 Cases of Superfluous Wording By Mark Nichol Certain types of words that may be of no use nevertheless often stealthily make their way into sentences like gate crashers. In conversation, to mix metaphors, they serve as pothole fillers, meaningless placeholders that allow speakers to gather their thoughts and navigate an extemporaneous statement without stumbling before the finish line, but in writing they are expendable. The discussion after each sentence below describes why one or more words in the example do not contribute to the construction of the statement; revisions demonstrate how the sentences stand just as well without the omitted words. 1. More than half of all companies are currently pursuing some form of major information-technology transformation. Currently, which echoes the present-tense verbs it invariably is associated with, is rarely necessary or helpful; retain it only if it clarifies an ambiguous statement (in which case an alternative solution is to revise the statement to eliminate the ambiguity): â€Å"More than half of all companies are pursuing some form of major information-technology transformation.† 2. Management must then determine whether or not the activities for recording, accumulating, and summarizing material information are designed and operating effectively. Some writers don’t realize that the second and third word in â€Å"whether or not† should almost always be omitted. Others know this but automatically write it without noticing or don’t know when it is valid and when it is not. However, a simple test exists- if â€Å"whether or not† can be replaced by â€Å"regardless of whether,† the usage is valid, but if the phrase can be replaced by if, â€Å"or not† is extraneous: â€Å"Management must then determine whether the activities for recording, accumulating, and summarizing material information are designed and operating effectively.† 3. We have managed projects for both healthcare providers as well as medical-device manufacturers. Sometimes the solution is revision rather than omission. For example, in this sentence, â€Å"as well as† is redundant to both, so retain one or the other, but not both: â€Å"We have managed projects for both healthcare providers and medical-device manufacturers† or  Ã¢â‚¬Å"We have managed projects for healthcare providers as well as medical-device manufacturers.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Beautiful and Ugly Words10 Types of Transitions48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids

Smoke Signal Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Smoke Signal Film Analysis - Essay Example The existence if this film completed the conception of Indians churning out their own stories a reality. Even so, will self-depiction by Native Americans within Hollywood finally, eventually take place again? American Indians inhabit a controversial position in the Hollywood thoughts. They would seemingly appear to be an element of America’s unusual myth. This falsehood glaringly seems to be overtly determined to twirl into realism. The last decade has observed more Indian themed movies launched with the participation of bona fide Indian actors than ever before. Additionally, whether modern Indian Smoke Signals is an outstanding incident still is debatable. However, time will only tell whether actors of Native American origins will eventually, absolutely, be granted the starring responsibilities to which they rightfully deserve. In the film Smoke Signal, Native Americans were classified into an assortment of the noble savage, the atrocious warrior, the faithful assistant, amid other subversive names (Morgan, 2010). It is evident that Native Americans stand in for a very minimal margin of the American population. The only way they are represented according to solid evidence is though the medium that is the media. The media such as television and movies have a certain primacy with which they represent this minority group of Native Americans. A major exit from the classic action against the Native Americans, Smoke Signal is a superficially human anecdote, superfluous with dissident political commentary (Morgan, 2010). The issue of Alcoholism in the film is brought out by Victor’s father who is an erratic alcoholic. Victor’s father in this scenario depicts parental desertion and alcoholism. Here, the movie sends up Indian cynics, who struggle with dysfunctions. Even more, Smoke Signals gallops on not present fathers and wondering fathers. As a clever way of settling his late father’s affairs, Victor goes down to Arizona and comes back wi th his ashes. Victor is depicted as very bitter at his father’s drinking and desertion. While in Arizona Victor realizes some truths about his father. In this context, Smoke Signals stresses the importance for bringing together between father and son. This movie, as a result, depicts Indians as down-and-out drunks, unseemly addicted to alcohol as they are to the unpleasantness at their batch in life. This film depends heavily on human correlation and salvation. Struggling with the crippling grief, Victor’s father takes to alcoholism and violence as way of escapisms from the challenges facing him. When he dies, Victor is put to the task of inheriting his father’s estate. But the crippling financial challenges combating his family do not allow him to travel to Arizona. But his friend bails him out his financial crisis by providing him with the money required to travel to Arizona. This point depicts that Native American were always looking after each other, incase of dire hardships (Morgan, 2010). Victor’s father abandonment is seen not as decision, but as something he was meant to do. In order to escape from guilt, Victor’s father then resorts to alcoholism. However, the abandonment of Victor’s father is much less important than his own acceptance of it. This is because Victor has is left no option but to continue with his daily existence. Conversely, the Indian reservation is cast in a fashion as if it existed in a time line where progress is

Development of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Adolescents compared to their Research Paper

Development of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Adolescents compared to their Hearing Peers - Research Paper Example This article is basically centered on how the development of such adolescents who are either totally deaf or have other hearing problems is affected adversely compared to the development of their normal age fellows. According to (Peterson, 1993, p. 4), â€Å"normal adolescent development is a positive process bringing adult maturity and competence, in contrast to the existing negative stereotypes.† Many crude and intricate effects produced by hearing loss on many poor adolescents are discussed in this paper, and how their development becomes even more difficult in the diverse classrooms of the present world schools. There are myriad social issues regarding the inclusion of hearing-impaired adolescents at the schools, most importantly. (Berke, 2009). These issues are of such grave and distressing nature that they can even shoot down the motivation and learning enthusiasm in such students who are having hearing problems to zero. That is why, the social issues have looming prospe cts for these adolescents and they are potentially capable of inducing long-lasting mutilating effects on their future potentials. This is an unequivocal fact backed up with research reports that those children who have hearing problems are neither as well integrated socially nor as popular as their normal hearing peers are, due to which they start feeling pressurized and develop myriad psychological problems. The psychological state of children with hearing problems quite resembles to that of young people with low socioeconomic or racial backgrounds who are not welcomed in the society. Seclusion and social hesitation are the two major challenges that mar the development of hearing impaired children. This is because, confidently going out and communicating with normal age fellows or other young people with same helps special children in maintaining social integration. Social inclusion is also affected in culturally diverse classrooms, where deaf or hearing-impaired adolescents may e ven be laughed at by their normal age fellows. It is because the normal children are not familiar with ways to socialize with the children who have special needs, thus their development gets affects badly. There is much disagreement between professionals when talking about whether or not hearing impaired adolescents should be taught alongside their normal peers. Many professionals concerned with such students who suffer from hearing problems have published myriad research papers, which claim that in such classrooms where normal students and those having particular biological problems are taught together, most of the deficiencies are overlooked due to which special students are left dissatisfied. Many scholars claim that children with hearing disabilities do not experience the normal education easily by studying in the mainstream classrooms. They also have to cope with a broad range of social pressures like unjustified ridiculing, bulling, or suppression, which are mostly created by their normal age fellows. That is why, less inclusive provision is sought by many professionals and parents so that the hearing impaired adolescents can be developed behaviorally and psychologically in a welcome and harmonious environment. (Musselman, Mootilal, & MacKay, 1996, pp. 52-63). On the

Research Project: Impact and Causes of Air Pollution

Research Project: Impact and Causes of Air Pollution NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBAL EMPOWERMENT, THE CASE OF INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTION IN ILUPEJU INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, LAGOS STATE. BY ATUBI AUGUSTUS O. (Ph.D) ABSTRACT The research work is primarily on industrial pollution; focusing on air pollution in the Ilupeju industrial estate of Lagos State, in Mushin Local Government Area. Air pollution has been a serious problem to the people who reside closely to Ilupeju industrial zone since inception of the area. It has been responsible for various ailments among the people and those who work in the industries that pollute the air through the use of some dangerous chemicals. The research work looked at the various ways by which air pollution is being generated in the area, the effects on the people and the possible control measures to minimize its further damage on the health of the people and the place for national development and global empowerment. INTRODUCTION The environment is the setting of man’s various productive activities. The impact of man on the landscape through these activities and the extent of environmental pollution arising there from have been well documented (Atubi and Onokala, 2006a, Atubi, 2007b). In Nigeria today, most of the industrial estates are not meant for industries alone; residential homes can be found in the so-called industrial estates also. And with this development, the problem of industrial pollution has effects on man, plants and materials. The areas which contain industries manufacturing different products such as petrochemicals, detergents, injects harmful wastes into the air such as carbon monoxide, sulphur oxide, nitrogen oxide and hydrocarbons which are the major sources of air pollution. Generally, the release of industrial waste into the air has been responsible for many health problems such as chronic bronchitis, malaria, asthma and also the damaging of roofing sheets and buildings. The resident are not fully aware of the damages being done to their lives and properties by those harmful wastes. Most of the past researches in Nigeria and the world in general on industrial pollution such as Hodges (1977); Mcgraw-Hill (1977); Okoro (1979); Nwafor (1981); Simmon (1982); Kormondy (1984); Segynola (1988); Ohagi (1988); Ademorati (1988); Miller (1994); Hill (1999) to mention a few, have their focus on effects and causes of industrial pollution in general and not on industrial estate. Available evidence (Census, 1991) shows that about sixty thousand people reside in the Ilupeju industrial area, yet very low priority is accorded to the problems of industrial pollution and environmental quality in the area. The problem of air pollution is worse in Lagos than in any other Nigerian city. It is also more complex in Lagos. The study is aimed at analyzing the effects of industrial air pollution on the residents and environments of Ilupeju industrial estate as a way for national development and global empowerment. STUDY AREA/DATA COLLECTION This study is focused on Ilupeju industrial estate, which in the context of this paper comprises of over 20 streets and for proper administration it was further divided into three zones. The zones are Ilupeju bye-pass as zone A, Coker area as zone B, Town Planning area as zone C. Ilupeju industrial estate is located within the Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State. It covers an area of about 110 hectares of land. It is transversed by longitude 30 and 3060I east and latitude 3030I north. It is bounded in the North by Ikeja Local Government Area, in the east by Somolu Local Government Area, in the West by Oshodi/Isolo Local Government Area, and in the South by Surulere Local Government Area in Lagos State in 1962 (fig. 1). It occupies a unique position in Lagos State, firstly as an industrial zone, secondly as a commercial centre, thirdly as a residential area and lastly as a major route. The concentration of industries can be found in Ilupeju industrial estate. And the area is well established because of the rapid growth of new and large industrial establishments, which include good transportation, and relatively high standard of available public utilities. The industries on this estate include paints, plastic, textiles, printing services and the manufacturers of soap and detergents etc. The banking sector is another sector found amongst the economic activities that takes place in Ilupeju. The data on which the study is based were collected through questionnaire survey in the year 2005 from three zones to which Ilupeju industrial estate was divided. The random/systematic sampling techniques was used to select a number of streets. Out of the 20 streets in the area 10 were randomly selected for the study in which three houses were again selected randomly with two persons selected for interview. Responses from the questionnaires were mainly used for data analysis. The computation elied on averaging model, percentages and Analysis of variance (ANOVA). CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION Mcgraw-Hill (1977) stated that other sources such as pesticides and man’s earth-moving and agricultural practices lead to vastly increased atmospheric burden of the soil particles and of pollens, spots, rust and smuts. Okoro (1979) further stated that industrialization is as a result of man’s attempt to provide himself with facilities for optimum employment. Industries leave behind peculiar wastes. They also pollute our environment, think of the cloud of smoke that emerges from the industrial house and apparently disappears into the air, think of various colour liquid some of them have foul smells that are emptied into the rivers, lagoons and oceans. They change environment’s composition and destroy its purity. To assess this, respondents were asked to mention the causes of industrial pollution in the estate. The response made showed that the use of chemicals in Zone A is one of the major causes of pollution in the area followed by the release of smoke from the industries which 24 people responded to it, while the poor disposal of waste and noise from machineries have responses of 23 and 20 respectively. In zone B, 19 people responded to the use of chemicals, 10 to the poor disposal of waste, 9 people indicated to the noise from machineries and 15 responded to the release of smokes from industries. Finally, in zone C, 20 people indicated that the use of chemicals is the major cause of industrial pollution. 18 responded to the poor disposal of waste, 17 to noise from the machineries, and 18 to the release of smokes. Table 1 shows the details. From the table it could seen that zone A and C had high indications than B, this is because Zone A and C are the nearest neighbours to different industries while zone B are area away from the industries. TABLE 1:THE CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTION IN ILUPEJU INDUSTRIAL ESTATE. Source: Field Survey, 2005 Therefore, the major causes of industrial air pollution as seen from the table is because of the use of chemicals which in turn pollute the area through the release of smoke. TABLE 2:THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTION IN ILUPEJU INDUSTRIAL ESTATE Source: Field Survey, 2005 Table 2 shows that in zone A 20 indicated that restlessness has been one of the effects of industrial air pollution followed by persistent cough and chest pain, eye irritation which is the highest with 21 responses and 20 for asthmatic patients. Zone B, as could be seen from the table 2 had eye patient with 20 respondents and 10 respondents respectively for restlessness and persistent cough and chest pain. Zone C showed that the effect of industrial air pollution is more on eye irritation and persistent cough and chest pain with 20 respondents respectively while restlessness had the highest respondents and asthmatic patient has 19 respondents. From the above table 2, the effects of industrial air pollution is felt more in Zone A followed by Zone B and this is because the residential areas are nearest to the industrial area. Zone B has a total of 59 compared to Zone A (81) and Zone C (80). From the table it indicated that zones A and B have the highest effects of industrial pollution than zone C. Hypotheses were formulated and tested using analysis of variance statistic. The calculated values are 10.27 and 3.72 and the critical table value are 4.26 and 4.26. Therefore, there is variation of industrial air pollution in Ilupeju industrial estate. (See Appendix 1 and 2 for necessary computations). POLICY IMPLEMENTATION In order to prevent severe health hazards arising from increased industrial activities which pollutes the environment, government’s silence on environmental protection over the years should be broken and public interest must be sufficiently aroused through documentaries and corrective measures of pollution. We should therefore, plan ahead, and learn from the mistakes of the industrialized nations and their current efforts to correct those mistakes. We should not allow pollution to be the price of the state’s progress. The establishment of some parastatals concerned with the maintenance of sanity in environment is the next step in the right direction. The Lagos State Ministry of Environment, Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Environmental Protection Agency and the Ministry of Health, etc. amongst others are charged with the responsibility of protecting the environment and maintaining a healthy environments as a way for national development and global employment. However, to grapple effectively with our environmental problems and enhance the quality of life in our settlements, we require information in the nature and dimension of these problems. The State Government should make funds available for relevant research to increase our understanding of the source and effect of gaseous pollutant and all disciplines have a role to play in this regard. There is need to design relatively, cheap yet efficient methods of waste disposal for our towns and cities (Atubi and Oriero, 2006b). Finally, it may be observed that in the area of pollution control, there must be a good deal of cooperation between professionals. The engineers should explore different alternatives of controls; the economists must determine which combination of measures is least costly for a given degree or control. The social scientists explore the intangible benefits associated with different level of control, the surveyors to determine how best each level of control could be developed and the jurist establish how different control measures can be enforced. The decision regarding the control measures can be adopted and enforced. However, the adoptions rest with the people and the government. They will have to pay for it and will have to live with it. CONCLUSION The result of the study has shown that all environmental pollution in Ilupeju industrial estate is created by man’s activities in living, producing and consuming goods and services. These activities generate net benefits to the people undertaking them even though they may impose unwanted cost. An important objective of environmental resources management in Lagos State is to plan towards an improvement of overall quality of the state’s human environment and this plan should be undertaken from the local level upwards. To achieve this objective, a strategy should be worked out to ensure that the use of resources for the welfare of man does not result in a conflict between the environment and development or between resource utilization and man. REFERENCES Ademoroti C. M. A. (1988), â€Å"Environmental Management: Case Studies on Industrial Waste water treatment†, Environmental issues and management in Nigeria Development. Pp. 200 – 206 Atubi, A. O. and Onokala, P. C. (2006a) â€Å"The Socio-Economic Effects of Oil Spillage on Agriculture in the Niger-Delta: A case study of Olomoro, Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Studies vol. 2 No.4. Pp. 46 – 52. Atubi, A. O. and Oriero, S. B. (2006b) Environmental Sanitation in Abraka Metropolis; Towards A public policy in Akinbode, A and Ugbomeh B (eds) Abraka Region pp. 118 – 128. Atubi, A. O. (2007b) The Perception of Industrial Disturbances in Nigeria Cities: A Geographical Appraisal of Benin-City. Journal of Environmental Analar (forthcoming). Hill J. (1999), General Chemistry: An Integrated approach 2nd edition, Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prenctice Hall. Hodges L. (1977), Environmental Pollution: 2nd Edition U.S.A., Library of Congress cataloging in publication Data. Pp. 6 – 8. Kormondy, E. J. (1984), Concept of Ecology, Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice – Hall P. 35. Mcgraw-Hill (1977) Encyclopaedia of Environmental Science, New York: Mcgraw-hill p. 35. Miller, G. T. (1994) Living in the environment: Principles, Connection and Solution 8th edition Belmont California, Wadsworth. Pp. 569 – 583, 645 – 647. Nwafor, J. C. (1981) â€Å"An Evaluation of Land Conservation Problems of Extractive and Manufacturing Industries in Nigeria: A case study of Nkalagu Cement Industry† In U. M. Gbozurike (ed.) Land Use and Conservation in Nigeria. Nsukka; University of Nigeria Press, Pp. 128 – 36. Ohaji, S.M.O. (1988), â€Å"The Effects of Brewery Effluent Discharge on Ikpoba River Water Quality, Benin City† Environmental issues and management in Nigeria Development, Pp. 196 – 197. Okoro, P. T. (1979) Environmental Problems and Your Health: A paper presented to the Ministry of Health. Segynola, A. A. (1988) â€Å"The Nigerian Industrial Landscape and Environmental Degradation†. Environmental issues and Management in Nigeria Development, Pp. 174 – 179. Simon, I. G. (1982) The Ecology of Natural Resources, 2nd edition. Edward Arnold Limited, Pp. 277 – 279. APPENDIX I CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION IN THE STUDY AREA TO USE ANOVA, APPLY SSt=Sum of Square total Ssw=Sum of square within SSb=Sum of Square between Assign X1, X2 and X3 to the various zones Ho: There is no variation of industrial Air Pollution in the study Area. Calculate the F – ratio and use it to test for the significant difference SSt – ÃŽ £X2 = (ÃŽ £X)2 N ÃŽ £X2 = ÃŽ £X12 + ÃŽ £X22 + ÃŽ £32 = 2130 + 767 + 1337 = 4234 N = n1 + n2 + n3 = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 ÃŽ £X = ÃŽ £X1 + ÃŽ £X2 + ÃŽ £X3 = 92 + 53 + 73 = 218 SSt=4234 – (218)2 12 SSt = 4234 – 3960 = 273.7 To get SSb SSb = ( X1)2 + ( ÃŽ £X2)2 + (ÃŽ £X3)2 – ( ÃŽ £X)2 n1 n2 n3 N (92)2 + (53)2 + (73)2 – (218)2 4 4 4 12 (2116 + 702.3 + 1332.3) – 3960.3 4150.6 – 3960.3 SSb = 190.3 To get SSw SSw = SSt – SSb 273.7 – 190.3 SSw = 83.4 Determine the F – ratio F = MSb MSw Where MSb = Mean Square between MSw = Mean Square Within Firstly, dfb (df between) = K – 1 Where K = number of groups dfb = 3 – 1 = 2 Secondly, dfw (df within) = N – K Where N = Number of subjects dfw = 12 – 3 = 9 df total = N – 1 12 – 1 = 11 MSb = SSb = 190.3 dfb 2=95.2 Then MSw = SSw= 83.4 dfw 9=9.27 F = MSb = 95,2 MSw 9.27=10.27 The calculated F-ratio must be larger than the theoretical F-ratio to reject the hypothesis. At 0.05 level of confidence, Theoretical F = 4.26 Calculated F = 10.27 Therefore, there is variation of industrial Air Pollution in the study area. APPENDIX 2 THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTION IN THE STUDY AREA n1 = 4n2 = 4n3 = 4 ÃŽ £X1 = 81ÃŽ £X2 = 59ÃŽ £X3 = 80 ÃŽ £X12 – 1641 ÃŽ £X22 = 961ÃŽ £X32 = 1602 X1 = 20.3X2 = 14.8X3 = 20 SSt = ÃŽ £X2 = ( ÃŽ £X)2 N ÃŽ £X2 = ÃŽ £X12 + ÃŽ £X22 + ÃŽ £X32 1641 + 961 + 1602 = 4204 N = n1 + n2 + n3 = 4 + 4 + 4 =12 ÃŽ £X = ÃŽ £X1 + ÃŽ £X2 + ÃŽ £X3 = 81 + 59 + 80 = 220 SSt = 4204 – (220)2 12 SSt = 4204 – 4033.3 = 170.7 To get SSb SSb = ( ÃŽ £X1)2 + ( ÃŽ £X2)2 + ( ÃŽ £X3)2 – ( ÃŽ £X)2 n1 n2 n3 N (18)2 + (59)2 + (80)2 – (220)2 4 4 4 12 1640.3 + 870.3 + 1600 – 4033.3 4110.6 – 4033.3 SSb = 77.3 To get SSw SSw = SSt – SSb 170.7 – 77.3 = 93.4 F = MSb MSw dfb = 3 – 1 = 2 dfw = 12 – 3 = 9 MSb = SSb – 77.3 dfb 2 =38.7 MSw = SSw = 93.4 dfw 9=10.4 F = MSb=38.7 MSw10.4 Theoretical F = 4.26 Calculated F = 3.72 1

Julius Caesar Essay: Superstition in Julius Caesar :: Julius Caesar Essays

Julius Caesar: Superstition In the play of Julius Caesar, we see a brief picture of Roman life during the time of the First Triumvirate. In this snap shot, we see many unfortunate things. Shakespeare gives us the idea that many people try to circumvent what the future holds, such as unfortunate things, by being superstitious. Superstition seems to play a role in the basic daily life of most Roman citizens. The setting of the first scene is based upon superstition, the Feast of Lupercal. This feast is in honor of the god Pan, the queen of fertility. During this time, infertile females are supposed to be able to procreate, and fertile ones are supposed to be able to bear more. It is also a supposed time of sexual glorification and happiness. Other scenes depict how throughout Rome, roaming the streets are mysterious sooth-sayers, who are supposedly given the power to predict the future. Dictating what is to come through terse tidbits, these people may also be looked upon as superstitious. In the opening scene, one sooth-sayer, old in his years, warns Caesar to "Beware the Ides of March," an admonition of Caesar's impending death. Although sooth-sayers are looked upon by many as insane out of touch lower classmen, a good deal of them, obviously including the sayer Caesar encountered, are indeed right on the mark. Since they lack any formal office or shop, and they predict forthcomings wi thout fee, one can see quite easily why citizens would distrust their predictions. Superstition, in general elements such as the Feast of Lupercal, as well as on a personal level such as with the sooth-sayers, is an important factor in determining the events and the outcome of Julius Caesar, a significant force throughout the entire course of the play. As the play develops we see a few of signs of Caesar's tragic end. Aside from the sooth-sayer's warning, we also see another sign during Caesar's visit with the Augerers, the latter day "psychics". They find "No heart in the beast", which they interpret as advice to Caesar that he should remain at home. Ceasar brushes it off and thinks of it as a rebuke from the gods, meaning that he is a coward if he does not go out, and so he dismisses the wise advice as hearsay. However, the next morning, his wife Calphurnia wakes up frightened due to a horrible nightmare.